<p>Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis) is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) disease caused by some species of blood trematodes (flukes) in the genus Schistosoma. In the Eastern part of Zambia, information on schistosomiasis is rare, due to effective control measures including mass drug administration and community sensitization on the potential risk factors. Lumezi district health office received reports of children presenting with symptoms of blood in urine. We investigated the cases in order to establish the cause and identify risk factors.</p>