<p>Identification, control, and management, of non-conformities (NCs) in medical laboratories is one of the requirements that medical laboratories accredited to International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) 15189 must fulfil to ensure quality tests are released. The objectives of this study conducted in 23 laboratories in Uganda were: To profile the frequency, types and trends of NCs identified against ISO 15189:2012 in the quality management systems of medical laboratories accredited by the South African Accreditation System (SANAS) during the period 2017-2021; To explore the experiences of laboratory personnel on NCs identification processes by SANAS during accreditation assessments.</p>