<p>An unmatched case-control study was conducted in Essuekyir, Ghana, from 11th to 17th January 2023. Hospital and community case searches were done. A suspected case was any resident with blood in urine or stool between 1st October 2022 and 13th February 2023. We obtained urine samples from suspected cases for microscopic evidence of Schistosoma ova and collected demographic, clinical and exposure information. We calculated attack rates and odds ratios at 95% confidence levels. We inspected the community for water, sanitation facilities, and made direct observations of residents’ contact with a river, which was hypothesized as a source of infection.</p>