<p>Every year, about 20% of multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients worldwide who begin therapy die during the course of their treatment. To combat the challenges World Health Organization (WHO) recommends decentralization of services which has shown encouraging success. To abide by WHO recommendations, Tanzania decentralized MDR TB services in 2016 through improvement in diagnostic capacities in all the regions as well as the adoption of new guidelines. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the survival probability and predictors of mortality among MDR-TB patients following decentralization of services in Tanzania from 2017 to 2019.</p>