I. Djibo, African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), dj_issif@yahoo.fr  
S. Karimou, African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), karimousani2007@yahoo.fr  
I. S. Alkassoum, Université Abdou Moumouni Dioffo de Niameyibrahim_alkassoum@yahoo.fr