A total of 378 HIV-positive children and adolescents were enrolled.  Of those 124 (32.8%) had virological non-suppression.  The overall rate of VL non-suppression was 1.38 (95%CI, 1.15, 1.64) per 100 person-months of observation. After adjusting for other factors, determinants of viral non-suppression were poor ART adherence level at initiation of ART (HR=3.3; 95% CI 2.16, 4.91), low CD4 count at ART initiation (HR=2.2; 95% CI 1.29, 3.87), nevirapine based regimen (HR=2.64; 95% CI 1.32, 5.26), efavirenz based regime (HR=2.08; 95% CI 1.03, 4.18), lopinavir/ritonavir based regimen (HR=2.21; 95% CI 1.13, 4.32) and being on second-line regimen (HR=6.11; 95% CI 2.50, 14.96).


