We enrolled 102 case-patients (mean age=10 years; 44% female) and 139 controls (mean age=6 years; 50% female). Risk factors had an additive effect. Compared with ‘low-risk’ children [children who always completed malaria treatment, did not have quinine treatment stored at home, and who did not take combinations of ≥2 antimalarials], the odds of BWF were elevated among children who never completed treatment and took combinations of antimalarials (OR=2.7, 95%CI 1.1-6.5), who had oral quinine at home and took combinations of antimalarials (OR=4.8, 95%CI 1.1-21), who never completed malaria treatment and had oral quinine at home (OR=13, 95%CI 1.3-131), and who had all three risk factors (never completed treatment, had oral quinine at home, and took combinations of antimalarials) (OR=19, 95%CI 2.1-183).
