BWF case-patients were defined as children with severe malaria who passed tea-colored urine (graded by Hillmen urine color chart &amp;gt;5) during February-August 2022. We generated a line list and conducted an unmatched case-control study in the subcounty with the highest attack rates (Nkooko Subcounty). Controls were conveniently-selected neighbor children with severe malaria (1:1 ratio) who had never passed tea-colored urine. A standardized questionnaire about malaria treatment was used to interview primary caretakers of case-patients and controls.  We conducted regression with a common reference group to identify factors associated with BWF.