A cluster of 54 genetically highly related Salmonella Typhi isolates were identified from five different provinces in South Africa. Most (61%; 33/54) cases were in North West Province. Case investigation forms were completed for 57% (31/54) of cases. Males comprised 69% (37/54) of cases. Of these, 73% (27/37) were within age group 15-49 years (median: 31 years). Of the 27 males within age group 15-49 years, 56% (15/27) were illegal gold miners working in the City of Matlosana. All illegal miners reported illness onset while working underground. Isolates associated with the cluster showed ≤5 allelic differences. Five tap water samples tested, showed no evidence of faecal contamination.