We defined suspected gastrointestinal anthrax as acute-onset diarrhea or vomiting in a resident of Ibanda District during August 12–30, 2022. Confirmed cases were suspected cases with a clinical sample positive for Bacillus anthracis by culture or PCR. We reviewed health facility records to collect data on cases. We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all persons &amp;gt;9 years of age in all households potentially exposed to an anthrax-infected animal during this period and used log-binomial regression to identify risk factors.