Unmatched case-control study was conducted in Ruvuma from March to June 2022.  Study participants were identified using multistage sampling, and socio-demographic data and associated risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Dried Blood Spot and/or whole blood samples were collected to detect HIV infection using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction or Antibody testing. Data were analyzed using STATA version 15.1.

