<p>We identified human cases through active case search and review of medical records at health facilities serving the two affected sub-counties. For Bududa District residents in January-May 2022, we defined suspected human cutaneous anthrax as new onset of skin papules, vesicles, or eschars; suspected gastrointestinal anthrax was onset of abdominal pain and ≥1 of: diarrhea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, or oropharyngeal lesions; confirmed anthrax was suspected anthrax with PCR-positivity for Bacillus anthracis from a swab from skin lesions/vesicles or blood. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among all household members in affected villages to identify risk factors.</p>