<p>This was a retrospective cohort study involving all MDR-TB patients enrolled in second-line treatment in all 26 regions in Tanzania from 2017 to 2019. The overall mortality rate among MDR-TB patients was calculated using the incidence rate while the survival probability was computed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Additionally, independent factors of MDR TB mortality were determined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.</p>