<p>The study's analytic cross-sectional architecture utilized purposeful selection, cluster selection, and simple random sampling strategies. Participants ranged from 18 to 70 years old, and their stool samples (344) were analyzed using the concept of immunochromatography in vitro to determine the antigens of Helicobacter pylori in the stool. At p≤0.05, Chi2 tests were conducted between independent and dependent variables.</p>