<p>Over the past four years, anthrax has begun appearing in new districts in eastern Uganda that have not previously reported anthrax but are adjacent to districts previously reporting anthrax. Such outbreaks are nearly always associated with exposure to cows that die suddenly. On May 16, 2022, the District Health Officer of Bududa District informed the Ministry of Health of 11 cows that died suddenly in one village. This would be the first ever reported anthrax outbreak in this district which borders Kenya. There were also suspected anthrax human cases in the same village and neighbouring villages. We investigated to determine the outbreak scope and identify risk factors.</p>