<p><strong>Methods</strong>: Unmatched case control study, with ratio of cases to controls 2:1, was conducted from October 2023- February 2024 at neonatal intensive care unit of Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Cases were culture positives and controls were negatives for Klebsiella pneumonia. All 85 culture positives were enrolled, and 170 controls were selected using simple random sampling. Environmental samples were taken to assess the source of infection. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify exposure factors and variables with p-value less than 0.05 in the bivariable models, was considered as candidate for multivariable regression. Adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence level (CI) were used to declare statistically significant association between the outcome variable and the exposures.&nbsp;</p>