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--

INSERT INTO `reviews` VALUES (2,19,8,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-28 11:55:05','2024-12-28 11:55:05',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,NULL),(3,16,20,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-28 22:52:50','2024-12-28 22:52:50',3,'N/A',5,'N/A',3,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,NULL),(4,29,20,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-28 22:53:46','2024-12-28 22:53:46',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,NULL),(5,20,150,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 09:44:28','2024-12-30 09:44:28',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',2,'N/A',2,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(6,38,150,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 09:46:28','2024-12-30 09:46:28',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',2,NULL),(7,54,150,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 09:47:44','2024-12-30 09:47:44',3,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,NULL),(8,75,150,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 09:48:47','2024-12-30 09:48:47',2,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',2,'N/A',4,'N/A',2,NULL),(9,94,150,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 09:49:42','2024-12-30 09:49:42',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(10,22,149,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 10:23:51','2024-12-30 10:23:51',4,'Objectives for addressing the problem not sufficiently described ',3,'No case definitions, statistical measures inadequately described ',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(11,14,123,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 17:21:05','2024-12-30 17:21:05',2,'The Background should cover the importance of the disease and why surveillance for it matters in Ethiopia. It is not necessary to give a textbook definition of surveillance, but instead the author should think about WHY this particular system needs to be evaluated here and now. What is it about measles in Ethiopia that makes it important to have a surveillance system? Why was the system developed? What concerns are there about the data quality or use? Why Chena?',2,'Not adequately described. What characteristics were evaluated? How were data collected? Who was interviewed or what records were used?',2,'While a few details about the system are presented, it\'s not clear if they address the objectives. Does the system meet its objectives? It\'s not possible to tell. There needs to be a more close mapping between the Methods and the Results.',0,'The conclusion should be an interpretation of the meaning of the results as they apply to the objective, not additional results. Ideally, the conclusion would tell us whether or not the surveillance system meets its objectives, based on the results presented in the abstract.',1,'This could have been a useful study but the abstract is not making it possible to tell.',1,NULL),(12,30,123,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 17:35:26','2024-12-30 17:35:26',3,'It would have been nice to see information in the background about Strep pyogenes. The reader may know nothing about it. Even though the investigators did not know what was causing the outbreak in the beginning, it\'s still ok to provide info about the pathogen and where it\'s found, who it affects. There is no description of the lesions at all that helps the reader understand how the investigators started to make guesses about the pathogen.',4,'Very nice methods. I would have liked to see information about what the swabs were tested for and where they were tested.',3,'It is not clear how they knew that S. pyogenes (please check your spelling!) was the causative agent. Was 1/11 samples positive? 11/11? Some more information on patient symptoms is needed. In addition, it is not clear that cases were different ages than the controls. Since it was unmatched, I assume that controls were selected randomly. As age is not shown as a risk factor, the conclusion that it disproportionately affected young people is not substantiated.',2,'See comments above. However, I would also like the authors to answer: why did this outbreak happen here and now? What changed that made this outbreak happen during this time period and in this place? Presumably people have been living under the same conditions for many years. So why did this happen?',4,'N/A',5,NULL),(13,51,123,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 17:43:25','2024-12-30 17:43:25',4,'The background is fairly good but it should be noted that surveillance is not an intervention. It is a tool to assess trends and disease burden.',5,'N/A',3,'It is clear from the Results that the cases are increasing. However, the reader doesn\'t know the geography of this area. Is Bahr Zur district one of two districts? One of ten? If Bahr Zur district has 25% of the population, then we would expect them to have 25% of the malaria cases. This needs to be clear.  It also would have been nice to see the proportion of cases <5 years for each year. In my experience, 14% being <5 years is very low! Usually most of the cases are <5 years. ',3,'What does \'it occurs in the form of outbreak\' mean? How is this defined here? I think this is not a good use of the words in the abstract. ',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(14,65,123,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 17:59:07','2024-12-30 17:59:07',5,NULL,4,'Where and when was this study carried out? Where were women enrolled?',4,'It was not clear which direction the \'husband education\' and \'maternal decision-making autonomy\' was associated with stunting at birth.',1,'The conclusions are a repetition of results. The purpose of the Conclusion section is to interpret the results, not repeat them. What do the results mean, taken together? Why are they important and what recommendations should be made?',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(15,84,123,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 18:02:11','2024-12-30 18:02:11',5,'Very nice background.',5,'Well done.',4,'I would have liked to see some demographic information about cases.',3,'The conclusions just repeat the results. What should be taken from this? Is this new information on chronic kidney disease? The concluding sentence is not clear.',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(16,103,123,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 18:05:02','2024-12-30 18:05:02',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,'What does \'not knowledgeable mothers\' mean here? This could be explained in the Methods.',4,'The conclusions start by repeating the results. This is not necessary. ',4,'N/A',5,NULL),(17,24,153,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 19:04:55','2024-12-30 19:04:55',3,'The study issue is among the priority health problems in the Region. However, the title and background and the rationale didn\'t explicitly describe the reason for comparison of adherence among public and private health facilities, which is the main focus of the study.\nThe objectives are not also indicated in the title.',3,'Most of the issues in the methods sections are touched. But, the way how the sample size is calculated, the study units in each stage of sampling are selected, the outcome variable (adherence) is measured are not clearly described.',4,'It is relatively good.\nStill it needs recommended method of writing proportions and AORs with their 95%CIs: estimate (95%CI: lower bound - upper bound).\nIt is also better to indicate the direction of association and keep the consistency of decimals.',2,'The conclusion is not directly based on the results.\nHow much was the standard of adherence to the national malarial case management guideline is not indicated.\nThe need of comparison is not concluded based on the finding.',2,'The Recommendations are not based on the objective and results of the finding.',3,NULL),(18,18,134,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-30 20:31:55','2024-12-30 20:31:55',3,'N/A',2,'N/A',3,'N/A',1,'N/A',2,'N/A',3,NULL),(19,19,135,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-31 06:08:59','2024-12-31 06:08:59',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,NULL),(20,19,143,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-31 06:56:40','2024-12-31 06:56:40',3,'N/A',3,'Study population is not stated, control section and definition is not clear, Analysis plan were not clearly mentioned.',3,'N/A',1,'The conclusion is simply the repetition of the result section and there is also conclusion is not supported by the findings.',0,'The study does not add any significance',2,NULL),(21,26,167,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-31 07:50:45','2024-12-31 07:50:45',4,'Everything is well-presented; however, including more background on the specific geographical context would improve the understanding of the study\'s relevance.',3,'The methods section did not explain how the qualitative and quantitative data complemented or were linked to each other. Additionally, it did not specify how the data were analyzed or mention specific statistical methods. Furthermore, the process of data collection was not described.',5,'N/A',4,'Everything is well done; however, the study does not explain how data quality was maintained or how potential biases and confounding variables were addressed, which is important for drawing a more reliable conclusion. Additionally, the conclusion should focus more on the identified factors influencing prevention practices, rather than recommending general prevention mechanisms.',5,'N/A',5,NULL),(22,39,143,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-31 08:45:55','2024-12-31 08:45:55',2,'The problem is not mentioned clearly.',3,'-',3,'N/A',2,'N/A',2,'N/A',3,NULL),(23,25,154,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-31 21:04:58','2024-12-31 21:04:58',2,'The authors were narrated very shallow  to the burden of malaria cases from globe to local in the current situation. The authors were not expressed the aim this study.',1,'The authors were not clearly expressed what did they used study design and also wasn\'t stated study unit definition which is cases or controls . and also this study was not indicated the way of data collected or accessed. not determined the sample size. Authors weren\'t expressed the laboratory result which was labratory supported or not?',2,'The authors weren\'t keep the coherence. they weren\'t mentioned the slide positivity rate(SPR) from their study area. they haven\'t expressed which species were dominant in their study.In addition , the authors title said malaria outbreak investigation and response but at the result part haven\'t put which type response conducted in that study area.',1,'Simply the authors are put findings of the result so it wasn\'t appropriate. not recommended the specific intervention based on the findings.',1,'Author\'s recommended activities are not their result finding it is the general recommendation.',1,NULL),(24,116,154,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-31 21:23:10','2024-12-31 21:23:10',5,'No comments because of they are well expressed way.',5,'N/A',4,'Authors weren\'t expressed in findings with time.',4,'they weren\'t recommended specific intervention based on their found findings in the study area, simply only put further study.',4,'It was better data organized and ideas flow. they presented the findings appropriately but based on their finding not recommended in their study area',5,NULL),(25,85,154,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-31 21:38:20','2024-12-31 21:38:20',3,'Not narrated the burden of malaria cases in nowadays from globe to local area.',4,'N/A',3,'Not expressed where more affected place or district or kebeles in the study period, age group, slide positivity rate. Not stated the contribution of malaria cases from total outpatient cases',3,'The recommendations tasks aren\'t fit the objective set and not specific intervention in the study area',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(26,30,172,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-31 21:42:57','2024-12-31 21:42:57',3,'The authors did not clearly describe the objective of the study ',4,'the method part has some basic components like study design, sample size, data collection methods and analysis techniques. But it lacks population and sampling procedure  ',5,'it is written well except it lacks logical flow of ideas. it was best to start with descriptive part. ',4,'The result in this abstract does not contain adequate background information for such conclusion.  ',4,'This study aimed to investigate the outbreak of Streptococcus pyogenes skin infection in South Gondar Zone that affected  more than 914 people within 1 month. ',4,NULL),(27,49,172,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-31 22:02:59','2024-12-31 22:02:59',5,'it is well written and clearly state the objective. ',4,'the method part is very clear and contain most of the necessary information. however, the quantitative part was not describe adequately. ',5,'Similarly, it contains pertinent findings related with the objective of the study.  ',5,'The conclusion addressed objectives. ',5,'the study bring one of the key public health problem of the country ',5,NULL),(28,66,172,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-31 22:13:27','2024-12-31 22:13:27',4,'The author explicitly state the study objective. but it lacks the gap of the study. ',3,'the method section was not clear. it lacks many of the sections of the method. ',4,'it was best to start with the total number of participants. the result part also shallow ',4,'the conclusion part was just repetition of the result part. the recommendation was not based on the result of the study. it was just general recommendation ',4,'the study bring critical public health problem (magnitude of new HIV infection). but it lacks many critical parts ',4,NULL),(29,86,172,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-31 22:41:52','2024-12-31 22:41:52',4,'The objective of the study well presented as \"to assess health and health related problems among internally displaced persons residing at South Wollo Zone, Amhara region\" but the title is to vague ',3,'The method part was not adequately described. ',4,'the result section has some basic part but it lacks numerical descriptions of the main finding like the leading causes of morbidity and others ',4,'It is just repetition of the result section ',5,'internal displacement is one of the main public health problem of the current situation of the country. the study bring this critical problem ',4,NULL),(30,104,172,'submitted',NULL,'2024-12-31 23:09:29','2024-12-31 23:09:29',5,'well presented objective ',4,'good methods but it is not comprehensive ',5,'Well written, focused and organized ',5,'the conclusion, interpretation and recommendations are based on the findings of the study. ',5,'The study bring the current public health issue ',5,NULL),(31,112,150,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-01 05:20:50','2025-01-01 05:20:50',2,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(32,24,165,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-01 11:07:31','2025-01-01 11:07:31',3,'The authors could strengthen the significance of the study by:\n-Highlighting the impact of suboptimal adherence to malaria guidelines on malaria control.\n-Including specific data or trends on malaria in the Afar \n',4,'It is not clear how the authors selected charts and healthcare providers. Does this mean that both the healthcare provider and the patient charts they managed were selected? Otherwise, how do they combine results from charts with the interview with health care providers?',4,'The authors should report the chi-square test to check if there is a significant difference in adherence to malaria case management guidelines between the public and private facilities.',3,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,NULL),(33,19,135,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-01 13:07:31','2025-01-01 13:07:31',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(34,37,135,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-01 13:45:42','2025-01-01 13:45:42',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,NULL),(35,51,135,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-01 14:06:09','2025-01-01 14:06:09',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,NULL),(36,17,23,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-01 16:02:39','2025-01-01 16:02:39',3,'Even if malaria is a core public health problem in the nation, the problem is not described well.',2,'There is no explanation of the sample size and statistical methods used to analyze the data.',2,'There is no well-defined description of epidemiological variables such as person, place, and time. The entire numerical figure is overlooked. ',3,' Since the sampling technique is purposive sampling, the result may be affected by bias, chance, and confounding. ',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(37,43,149,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-01 18:00:09','2025-01-01 18:00:09',3,'The study didn\'t address the public health problem in the specific study area ',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,NULL),(38,76,149,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-01 18:09:01','2025-01-01 18:09:01',3,'Very broad topic and the health problem or questions inadequately described ',2,'The study design not clear, the mixed method study evidences inadequately described, data collection method not clear, how published articles reviewed and included not clear ',3,'N/A',3,'Seems generic ',4,'N/A',3,NULL),(39,96,149,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-01 18:11:56','2025-01-01 18:11:56',4,'N/A',3,'How life style modification practice measured is not clear ',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(40,114,149,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-01 18:17:20','2025-01-01 18:17:20',3,'The public health problem or questions that the study will address not adequately described ',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(41,16,13,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-02 07:55:24','2025-01-02 07:55:24',3,'Needs some information on how many are affected by the conflict',4,'The study area is not mentioned',4,'Description of study participants (such as socio-demography) not stated',3,'Not based on the findings',5,'The topic is a priority and mostly undermined area',4,NULL),(42,34,13,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-02 08:09:02','2025-01-02 08:09:02',5,'N/A',4,'Other covariates included in the study were not discussed',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,NULL),(43,53,13,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-02 08:16:11','2025-01-02 08:16:11',3,'Did not acknowledge the existing knowledge regarding factors ',3,'Inclusion criteria not mentioned. Outbreak case definition is different from the standard case definition mentioned on PHEM Guideline',3,'Nothing is mentioned about the  holy water utilization ',3,'Repetition of the result section',5,'N/A',3,NULL),(44,67,13,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-02 08:20:46','2025-01-02 08:20:46',4,'N/A',3,'Criteria for selection not discussed',4,'No description of study participants',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(45,86,13,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-02 08:28:58','2025-01-02 08:28:58',4,'N/A',2,'Number of participants was not described',4,'N/A',2,'Results are included in the conclusion section',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(46,105,13,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-02 08:32:27','2025-01-02 08:32:27',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,NULL),(47,35,23,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-02 11:12:14','2025-01-02 11:12:14',4,'It is well described.',5,'It has a well-written description of epidemiological and statistical methods, including study design and data analysis. ',4,'The results are well-narrated, giving an explanation of significant relationships with the dependent variable. However, I believe it is preferable to use terms such as biomass fuel and fossil fuel rather than clean fuel and solid fuel.',4,'The conclusion clearly indicates the strategies to reduce childhood morbidity risk.',5,'The public health significance of the study is high since it also includes recommendations.',5,NULL),(48,74,135,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-02 11:48:47','2025-01-02 11:48:47',3,'The abstract information not well addressed the significant of this study.',2,'N/A',3,'The information presented in the result section are not proper to reach to the conclusion. ',3,'The conclusion will provide enough information to take the proper action',2,'The data can\'t able to give enough information to build on existing knowledge. ',3,NULL),(49,56,143,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-02 12:20:10','2025-01-02 12:20:10',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',2,'N/A',2,'N/A',2,'N/A',3,NULL),(50,92,135,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-02 12:45:32','2025-01-02 12:45:32',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,NULL),(51,111,135,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-02 13:14:16','2025-01-02 13:14:16',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(52,37,8,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-03 05:56:19','2025-01-03 05:56:19',4,'N/A',3,'Not sure whether a prevalence study is appropriate for such a seasonal acute infection. We have no information about endemicity of the malaria in the area',4,'N/A',3,'The conclusion doesn\'t match with the objectives. Recommendations on asymptomatic malaria are made without any data on the same. ',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(53,57,8,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-03 06:36:13','2025-01-03 06:36:13',2,'N/A',1,'N/A',1,'N/A',2,'N/A',2,'N/A',2,NULL),(54,105,173,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-03 06:54:18','2025-01-03 06:54:18',2,'Even though the authors indicated the objective of the study the gap they claimed is not true as several studies (large scale, and national level) were conducted, and issues related to recurrence is well stablished ',3,'The method is okay but could be more appropriate if authors used survival analysis methods that handles recurrent events as recurrence is not one time event but could be more than single recurrence.',3,'similar with method part.',1,'vague recommendation (there is no strong evidence from this study to recommend distribution of primaquine)',1,'They repeated already know fact',2,NULL),(55,66,167,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-03 06:57:28','2025-01-03 06:57:28',3,'Even though the significance of recent HIV infections is explained, it lacks more information on local HIV prevalence and trends in recent infections in the region. In addition, how the Asante test improves the existing strategies should be added in the background to be more explanatory.',3,'The data collection process, participant selection, sample size, sampling method, key definitions (e.g., newly diagnosed cases), adjustment for potential confounders, and the nature of the data were not specified or described. All data were sourced from REDCap, but further details on inclusion criteria and study design were lacking.',4,'The overall sample size and the methods used to control potential confounders were not specified, limiting the adequacy of the conclusion.',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,NULL),(56,47,165,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-03 07:21:06','2025-01-03 07:21:06',4,'The known impact of IDP in health care could be mentioned to show the rationale of the study. The author does not state the objective(s ) of the study',3,'The author does not provide enough detail on the methods used for data collection and sampling. Additionally, there is an apparent inconsistency; while they claim to have employed qualitative data collection methods, the data presentation techniques described appear to align solely with quantitative approaches.',2,'The author does not provide adequate data for readers to engage with meaningfully, presenting only the total number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and their gender distribution.',3,'The conclusions are not based on the data presented in the result section. ',4,'The study undoubtedly addresses a significant and timely issue. However, the recommendations provided are not adequately supported by the data. For instance, the author suggests strengthening immunization programs without presenting information on the vaccination status within the studied IDP site.',3,NULL),(57,117,165,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-03 08:12:18','2025-01-03 08:12:18',4,'It would be better if the author contextualized the problem in relation to the study area instead of focusing on global cholera cases.',3,'The chosen study design is inadequate to answer one of the research objectives, identifying risk factors. The sample size, sampling procedures, and method of analysis are not clearly indicated.\n',4,'It lacks details on the source and risk factors for the outbreak. ',3,'The conclusions are not supported by data and appear to reflect personal opinion rather than evidence-based findings',4,'N/A',3,NULL),(58,96,152,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-03 10:54:49','2025-01-03 10:54:49',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',5,NULL),(59,63,165,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-03 13:31:27','2025-01-03 13:31:27',5,'N/A',4,'The sampling procedure is not clear\n-lacks clarity on how the samples were collected for the parasitological examination\n-',4,'-The authors didn\'t present what percentage of the NTDs were soil-transmitted helmithes, Trachoma , and skin-related NTDs\n-The authors consider similar factors for the NTDs mentioned above in the regression analysis. However, factors for soil-transmitted heminths may not work for trachoma and vice versa.',4,'The conclusion is likely attributable to chance, as indicated in a very wide CIs Adjusted odds ratio ( e.g. government employment AOR: 12.5 (95%CI: 1.17, 132.4)) ',4,'N/A',3,NULL),(60,57,152,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 07:10:46','2025-01-04 07:10:46',3,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,NULL),(61,40,152,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 07:20:01','2025-01-04 07:20:01',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(62,77,152,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 07:30:16','2025-01-04 07:30:16',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,NULL),(63,114,152,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 07:54:25','2025-01-04 07:54:25',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',5,NULL),(64,22,152,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 08:08:29','2025-01-04 08:08:29',3,'The objective was not clearly stated',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,NULL),(65,24,160,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 09:45:44','2025-01-04 09:45:44',1,'No attention is given on the knowledge gap the study is going to add\nThe research gap is not clear\nRational of the study is missed',3,'superficial, does not tell how each variable had been measured\nMeasure of strength of association is not described in the method section\nData collection methods are not clearly described\nBut element of methodological review missed\n',3,'There is room for improving interpretation of data due to the result interpretation lacks comparison group\nComputing odds ratio above selected variables are not scientifically sound rather than computing proportion i.e better to compute chi-square test considering above variables ',4,'N/A',2,'Research gap is not clear\nlacks adequate detail in the methods section',3,NULL),(66,44,160,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 10:24:44','2025-01-04 10:24:44',3,'But the knowledge gap that led to the study is not described at all \nstudy setting gap is not clear\nRational of the study is not clear',2,'Study design is not clear\nDescriptive analysis for continuous and categorical variables are not clearly described\nElement of methodological review missed is missed like case definition is not clear\nMeasure of the strength of association between variable is not clear\nMethods: superficial, does not tell how each variable had been measured and classified\n\n',4,'There is room for improving interpretation of data by including comparison groups\nThe result variable category is not clear',3,'There is room for improving synthesis of data based on big pictures\nStrong justification of the study is not clear\n\n',3,'Strong justification and public health importance of the study are not described at all \n',4,NULL),(67,99,165,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 10:57:07','2025-01-04 10:57:07',5,'-The author could briefly address recent measles outbreaks in Ethiopia or the study setting to highlight the urgency and importance of this study rather than mentioning global data.\n-Further elaboration on the \"inconsistent coverage\" would provide richer context. Is this inconsistency observed among African countries, or are there regions within Ethiopia with particularly low coverage?',4,'-The sampling technique and data collection methods should be mentioned.\n-Who was included in the study? all under five?',4,'The author doesn\'t provide enough statistical details, such as 95% confidence intervals for the AOR, used to assess the precision of the findings.',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,NULL),(68,23,159,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 11:42:13','2025-01-04 11:42:13',3,'The investigator did not clearly show the knowledge gap. However, the objectives are clearly stated.',3,'The design is described and it is also appropriate to efficiently address the objectives.  The outcome variable, vaccination status is not clearly defined. Otherwise, the method section is described including, statistical procedures. The data source is also presented, self administered questionnaire. \nThe study on uptake is well investigated, and an important research approach, qualitative study, would have been addressed to complement the quantitative study.',4,'The investigator has clearly summarized the result using appropriate numerical summary measure and also compared different groups. Appropriate statistical model is also used. However, we don\'t know whether the model assumptions are checked or not.',3,'The conclusion is partly consistent with objective. The investigator missed to conclude for the second part of his/her objectives, factors associated. ',3,'This finding might be used by local implementers for planning purpose ',3,NULL),(69,60,159,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 12:18:42','2025-01-04 12:18:42',5,'The study addressed public health problem, and clearly stated the objectives.',3,'The study design is well stated and appropriate for the objectives. Treatment adherence need definition but not defined. The method of selecting the study institutions and two groups are not explicitly presented.',4,'The results presented following the described methods. The investigator tried to sufficiently present the result.',4,'The conclusions are as consistent with the objectives. ',3,'The investigator has tried to investigate whether there is a difference  between the two approach. But, it is not clear how the two groups selected.',4,NULL),(70,79,165,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 12:24:28','2025-01-04 12:24:28',4,'N/A',4,'-To my understanding, a parallel evaluation design typically refers to an experimental or quasi-experimental design where interventions or treatments are tested simultaneously. However, in this study, the authors collect data from both pilot and non-pilot facilities at the same point in time and compare the outcomes (e.g., hypertension prevention, treatment, and control) between the two groups. This makes it a comparative cross-sectional study. \n-The authors didn\'t mention the sample size and sampling technique',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,NULL),(71,61,160,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 12:46:29','2025-01-04 12:46:29',3,'Rationale of the study is not clear\nOverall gaps of the study setting are not clear\nthe knowledge gap that led to the study is not described at all \n',2,'Independent variables are not systematically presented\nLacks adequate detail in the methods sub-section\nsample size of the participants is not clear\nCase definition is not clear \nStatistical methods are not clear  \n',1,'The study result is not logical presented\nGood to present based on the objective\nThe average of the variable is not presented by using percentage % --however, better to report using mean and standard deviation\n',2,'General pictures of the conclusion are not clear\nLack of the recommendation of the study end of the conclusion',2,'Lack of strong justification for this study\nMethodology of the study is not clear',2,NULL),(72,43,159,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 13:12:02','2025-01-04 13:12:02',2,'The research question is not clearly shown. But, the objectives are clearly presented',4,'The study design is appropriate for the stated objectives. However, how some variables, such as knowledge and trust are measured is not clear. ',4,'The result is presented in logical order and consistent with the objectives. ',3,'It is not clear why 84% acceptance is considered as low. Some of the issues raised in the conclusion is not consistent with the objectives',3,'It could be used as input for local health service provider, otherwise has no new finding',3,NULL),(73,79,160,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 13:13:43','2025-01-04 13:13:43',3,'No attention is given on the knowledge gap the study is going to add. \nRationale of the study is not described well\n',2,'Lacks adequate detail in the methods sub-section \nOverall study design is not clearly described\nEpidemiological/statistical methods not clearly described\nSample size is not clear \nStatistical procedures not described merely naming software packages',3,'How did you measure the rate of opportunistic blood pressure (BP) screening it is not clear\nThere is room for improving interpretation of data\n Why you present mean performance across the three domains by proportion this is the conflicting results (76.1% vs. 51.2%).',3,'This conclusion is not clear ---the evaluation of the pilot hypertension program in the Amhara region of Ethiopia demonstrated promising results.---good to write just exact figures\nSome of the texts are simply repeating of the results\n',4,'No attention is given on the knowledge gap the study is going to add',4,NULL),(74,98,160,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 13:38:48','2025-01-04 13:38:48',3,'Public health problem that questions that the study was addressed is not clear\nExisting gaps is not clearly described at all\nknowledge gaps of the study are not considered',2,'Methodology is not comprehensive \nLacks adequate detail in the methods \nMeasurement and category of the variables is not clear\nStatistical software is not clear\nStatistical analysis is not described well\nMethodology of the study are superficial, does not tell how each variable had been measured\n',2,'This result is not clear --Analysis revealed a significant increase in controlled DM cases, rising from zero in 2019-2020 to 1,258 in 2022-2023---how many percentages that increased??\nPercentage of the data do not allow the reader to reach a conclusion\n',2,'synthesis of the conclusion is not based on the results\nAuthors synthesize results into a conclusion is not clear\nNo exact figure results under conclusion',3,'it needs strong justification of this study',3,NULL),(75,115,160,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-04 14:03:24','2025-01-04 14:03:24',4,'But the knowledge gap that led to the study is not described at all \n',4,'overall methods is not adequately described \nContents of some of the methods not presented well\nModel diagnostic criteria is not presented   \n',4,'How did you measure poor knowledge on scabies and not clear\nThere is room for improving interpretation of data considering comparison groups\n',4,'N/A',3,'It needs strong justification for the study',4,NULL),(76,18,142,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 04:14:18','2025-01-05 04:14:18',2,'The background is written in a way that makes it seem like the assessment was on \'surveillance\' rather than \'surveillance system evaluation\'. e.g. \"Hypertension surveillance plays a crucial role \"\nThe author/s didn`t put the significance of evaluating both private and public health facilities together.  ',2,'The study design was not mentioned. In addition, the authors didn`t mention the sample size for the record review/quantitative study that was entered into EPIINFO and analyzed with stata. They mentioned only for qualitative. why the evaluated public and private health facilities together? ',3,'The author reported in the method section that they used both percentages and proportions. However, it is not clear why they mentioned reporting both, and also unclear which one they used in reporting results. ',3,'The authors concluded the \'unstable of the system due to lack of dedicated resources\'. However, issues related to resource/s were not reported in the result section so the conclusion is based on results. ',2,'Such a study should be well designed so that appropriate public health significance would be indicated. ',3,NULL),(77,38,142,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 04:37:40','2025-01-05 04:37:40',3,'The way the background was written seems as if the study was conducted on the impacts of social determinants on  hypertension mortality...... \".........impact of social determinants on hypertension-related mortality is poorly understood......\"\nThat means the gap is not clearly identified. ',4,'The authors didn`t mention which logistic regression was employed. The study population is missed. The author didn\'t mention what type of population was included in their study (is not found in the objective and method section also)',5,'N/A',4,'The authors forwarded recommendations for only health professionals. ',4,'The authors forwarded recommendations for only health professionals. ',4,NULL),(78,55,142,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 04:56:00','2025-01-05 04:56:00',3,'The way the background was written seems as if it was aimed to focus on new HIV infections. \".......new infections continue to pose a major public health challenge\"',5,'well written ',2,'The expected key finding of this study, 5 years trend, was not reported. They reported the magnitude of HIV within those 5 years and among males and females as well as in place only. ',3,'Trend isn\'t concluded, wether it was increasing or decreasing ',4,'N/A',3,NULL),(79,71,142,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 05:11:37','2025-01-05 05:11:37',3,'The objective is not well-written ',3,'the sample size included was not mentioned. Only 45 health facilities included in the study were mentioned. \nEthical issue is not expected to be written under the abstract. ',3,'The way the results are narrated lacks clarity. Besides, a new sentence should not start by number....\"61.57% of cases were......\"',4,'No recommendation was made for the high prevalence of HIV in urban settings. ',4,NULL,3,NULL),(80,91,142,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 05:42:29','2025-01-05 05:42:29',3,'The study gap was not well identified ',2,'The study compared insured and non-insured populations. However, the study design employed was cross-section. why they didn`t employ comparative cross-sectional? They employed chi-square and logistic regression together. They used also convenience sampling which is non-probability sampling. ',4,'The way the Adjusted odds ratio is interpreted is not clear. ',2,'Since appropriate study design and sampling were employed, the conclusion and recommendation made from this study aren`t scientifically sound. ',3,'since proper sampling and design were not utilized, we can`t conclude that this study has public health significance. ',3,NULL),(81,109,142,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 06:01:04','2025-01-05 06:01:04',2,'The objective mentioned is not supposed to be addressed by a case-control study. ',2,'The objective was magnitude and associated factors which is expected to be addressed by cross-sectional study. Hence, the objective and design employed, case-control, don`t match. ',1,'The study objective was the magnitude and associated factors. But they utilized case-control study. Hover, in the result they reported the incidence rate which is supposed to be reported if a cohort study was used. They calculated 50 sample size for cases but they recruited 1,267  for cases. ',2,'Is not based on results. ',2,'Is not based on proper design and results found. ',1,NULL),(82,23,25,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 06:16:39','2025-01-05 06:16:39',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',3,'N/A',5,NULL),(83,42,25,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 06:23:49','2025-01-05 06:23:49',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,NULL),(84,46,25,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 06:35:25','2025-01-05 06:35:25',3,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(85,62,25,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 06:42:58','2025-01-05 06:42:58',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(86,78,25,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 06:49:53','2025-01-05 06:49:53',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(87,98,25,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 06:54:43','2025-01-05 06:54:43',2,'N/A',1,'N/A',2,'N/A',3,'N/A',2,'N/A',0,NULL),(88,115,25,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 07:57:26','2025-01-05 07:57:26',4,'N/A',3,'Who are cases and whoare controls?',3,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',4,NULL),(89,49,23,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 08:49:16','2025-01-05 08:49:16',4,'Although the background is well-written, it would be more impactful if it included some statistical data regarding the MPDSR problem in the area.',4,'It would be better to use qualitative data analysis software rather than conducting it manually.',4,'It\'s only focused on the quantitative result. What about the qualitative findings? ',5,'The conclusions and recommendations are clear and directly associated with the findings that are mentioned under the results section, and it will have a good impact for the region. ',4,'It will have a great impact on the future improvement of this gap in the region as well as at the national level. ',5,NULL),(90,82,167,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 09:11:04','2025-01-05 09:11:04',5,'N/A',5,'The study is well-described, but lacks explicit definitions of key terms and a concise explanation of statistical methods, such as model selection steps.',5,'N/A',5,'The conclusions and interpretations are well-described, but the specific recommended strategy and the responsible bodies for implementation are not clearly identified.',4,'The study recommends a salt intake reduction strategy, but no specific public health actions have been implemented. Targeted interventions, such as education campaigns or policy changes, could significantly reduce excessive salt intake in Bahir Dar City and similar areas.',5,NULL),(91,72,23,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 12:45:17','2025-01-05 12:45:17',4,'The problems of schistosomiasis, geohelminthiasis, and anemia are well addressed by associating the problems with IDPs.',5,'The method is well described. \n\n',5,'The results section is well written.',5,'The conclusion and interpretation of the study describe a lot of things. ',5,'This study provides insightful information about the Neglected Tropical Disease. ',5,NULL),(92,20,144,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 14:47:14','2025-01-05 14:47:14',3,'The author tried to describe the problem statement. Its significance or key antecedent data was not well described.  However, some writing styles need to be improved. eg. the word \'describe\' inappropriately used in \"Hence, this evaluation aims to describe the implementation status of the system, describe the attributes........, describe the knowledge of healthcare providers, and describe......................',3,'The importance of calculating sample size \"70 case report forms (CRF) samples were calculated using a single population proportion formula\" was not clear in the sense that single population proportion context.',3,'How the overall implementation status of the HIV CS system was measured?',3,'N/A',2,'Some recommendations are not derived directly from study results. eg. The overall implementation status of the HIV CS system is not sufficient compared to the regional and national targets.',3,NULL),(93,42,144,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 15:17:51','2025-01-05 15:17:51',3,'The author has tried to describe the magnitude of the problem. However, The background has unnecessary details. eg. In 2016, approximately 1.13 billion adults were affected by hypertension, with about 7.5 million deaths attributed to it globally in 2021. ',3,'N/A',2,'Some of the data presented in the result section were not supported by the figure (data) except for completeness and timelines. Summarizing in proportions is important.',3,'Surveillance system attributes were not described quantitatively. eg proportion of .......',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(94,64,163,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 17:57:51','2025-01-05 17:57:51',4,'The scientific background and the significance of the public health should be mentioned ',4,'The method of summarizing the results should be mentioned.\nthe case definitions should be also mentioned',4,'The total participants the study should be mentioned as it is. it could be in rates/percents',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(95,71,8,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 18:05:05','2025-01-05 18:05:05',4,'N/A',2,'N/A',2,'N/A',2,'The conclusions are not based on strong epidemiological evidence',2,'N/A',3,NULL),(96,93,8,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 18:09:45','2025-01-05 18:09:45',3,'No justification provided ',2,'No case definition, only descriptive analysis. No advanced epidemiology methods employed. ',2,'Only number of cases is reported and described. No proportions were discussed. ',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(97,109,8,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 18:11:35','2025-01-05 18:11:35',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,NULL),(98,103,163,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-05 18:15:39','2025-01-05 18:15:39',4,'The scientific and significance of the public health problems should be mentioned. the literature review of the public health problem should be mentioned ',5,NULL,5,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(99,14,138,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 06:35:32','2025-01-06 06:35:32',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(100,33,138,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 06:54:06','2025-01-06 06:54:06',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',4,NULL),(101,53,138,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 07:13:02','2025-01-06 07:13:02',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(102,72,138,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 07:20:04','2025-01-06 07:20:04',4,'N/A',3,'There is information about sample size, sampling procedure and study settings clearly.',3,'All the stated objectives were not responded or there is no result for all specifice objectives.',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,NULL),(103,12,14,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 07:37:34','2025-01-06 07:37:34',3,'NCD  data and information of Ethiopia were not well addressed,the objective was not explicitly stated',5,'N/A',4,'age ,sex and other factors association with NCD were not explicitly stated',4,'N/A',4,'public health significance  were not that much emphasized',4,NULL),(104,91,138,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 07:40:26','2025-01-06 07:40:26',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(105,30,14,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 07:46:10','2025-01-06 07:46:10',3,'global situation was not captured as background',5,'well addressed',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(106,46,14,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 07:57:10','2025-01-06 07:57:10',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,NULL),(107,71,14,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 08:02:05','2025-01-06 08:02:05',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',5,'N/A',4,NULL),(108,86,14,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 08:08:02','2025-01-06 08:08:02',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,'not well stated according to the objective',5,'N/A',4,'N/A',4,NULL),(109,90,23,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 08:23:42','2025-01-06 08:23:42',3,'It lacks statistical data to elaborate on the public health issues of Visceral Leishmaniasis and other parasitic infections. ',3,'This study only uses binary logistic regression to determine the risk factor for VL. It will be better to consider multiple logistic regression to consider the effect of confounding. ',5,'The study has well-written results. ',4,'Better to consider specific recommendations regarding the issues.',4,'When we see the VL issues, it\'s only observed in a limited area. ',4,NULL),(110,102,14,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 08:25:24','2025-01-06 08:25:24',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'the important intervention for TB prevention was not well stated',4,'N/A',3,NULL),(111,109,23,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 08:41:34','2025-01-06 08:41:34',5,' The issue is entertained from global to local presentation with statistical figures. ',4,'The method section is good; however, it lacks clarification between bivariable and bivariate logistic regression. ',5,'The result section is well described. ',5,'The conclusion includes general and specific recommendations.',4,'Even if the recommendations are not new, it will help as a reminder. ',5,NULL),(112,110,138,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 09:02:44','2025-01-06 09:02:44',4,'N/A',4,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',3,'N/A',4,NULL),(113,114,159,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 12:20:11','2025-01-06 12:20:11',3,'It is well known that the topic of interest is a public health problem in Ethiopia. The objective of the study is presented. However, the reason for conducting this study was not clearly indicated. ',3,'The investigator has described the study design. The stated study design, can\'t answer all of the objectives. For example, verifying the existence of an outbreak can\'t be addressed by case-control study.',4,'The results are present in a logical flow. It is not clear, whether the two groups are comparable or not ',3,'Conclusion is partly based the data.',3,'The finding could be taken into account by local implementers',4,NULL),(114,57,144,'submitted',NULL,'2025-01-06 14:49:13','2025-01-06 14:49:13',1,'Not written in the Abstract protocol ( some contents were directly taken from the Internet (International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2019, 31(10), G180–G186doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzz127)',1,'Too large to capture, Not written in the Abstract protocol ( some contents were directly taken from the Internet (International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2019, 31(10), G180–G186doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzz127)',1,'N/A',2,'N/A',2,'N/A',1,NULL);

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-- Dumping data for table `sessions`
--

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INSERT INTO `submit_abstracts` VALUES (12,20,'<p>1. <strong>Dr. Yoseph Worku (MPH)</strong> Assistant Professor of Public Health School of Public Health St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p>2.&nbsp; <strong>Dr. Zegeye Hailemariam Tessema (DVM, MPH)</strong> Coordinator, Ethiopia Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (EFELTP), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Descriptive data analysis of cardiovascular disease in Karamara General Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia, 2024</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of global mortality and a significant contributor to disability. Each year, around 18 million people, or 32% of all global deaths, are due to cardiovascular diseases. In Ethiopia, epidemiological data on cardiovascular diseases are limited. The hospital is one of 74 sites dedicated to the Resolve to Save Lives initiative, which aims to prevent 100 million deaths from CVDs. This study aimed to comprehensively understand the magnitude and distribution of cardiovascular diseases.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Methods: </strong>A time-trend ecological study with a retrospective record review was conducted in Karamara General Hospital in the Somali region to analyze CVD data from July 2021 to June 2024. The study included all CVD cases and deaths reported in the District Health Information System using ICD-11 codes. Data were collected using a checklist and analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2016. Descriptive statistics were computed and presented in tables, charts, and graphs.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Result: </strong>The study identified 5,668 CVD cases, of which 2,826 (49.9%) were female. The proportion of cardiovascular disease trends relatively from 2022 to 2024 were 27.7%, 29.3%, and 43.0%, respectively. The majority of CVD cases, 64.7% (3667/5668), were hypertension, and heart failure ranked the second with 1749 (30.9%). Most cases, 57.7% (3,271/5,668), were aged 30–64 years, with a higher proportion of females, 51.0% (1,669/3271). Congestive heart failure made up 71.4% (738/1,033) of CVD admissions, followed by strokes at 15.4% (160/1,033). Heart failure was the leading cause of death, with 52 (56.5%) of recorded CVD fatalities.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlighted an increasing trend of cardiovascular diseases, with hypertension and heart failure being the most common types reported. Congestive heart failure was the most frequent cause of hospital admissions and deaths. The study emphasized that hospitals ought to prioritize the prevention, treatment, and control of CVDs.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Key words:&nbsp; </strong>Cardiovascular disease, magnitude, distribution of CVDs, morbidity, mortality&nbsp;</p>','28','2024-11-23 19:11:26','2024-11-23 19:11:26'),(13,23,'<p><strong>Dr BIRHANU JIKAMO (PhD, Assistance professor)</strong>&nbsp;</p><p>bjikammo@gmail.com</p><p>Fanuel Belayneh(Assistant professor)</p><p>fanuelbelayneh@gmail.com</p>','<p>Landslide at&nbsp; Girawa and Obura kebele,Adiyo district,Kaffa zone, Southwest Region.</p>','<p>Disaster were an event, typically occurring suddenly, that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of Human life deterioration of Health and health services, and that exceeds the capacity of the affected community on scale sufficient to require outside assistance. Disaster are classified into different types based on the cause of the hazard as natural, Human made and complex.</p><p>Landslide: is a geological phenomenon involving the movement of rock, earth, or debris down a slope. This process can be triggered by natural events such as heavy rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or by human activities like deforestation, construction, and Mining.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Descriptive study was conducted to investigate the causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies of landslides at Girawa and Obura kebele Adiyo woreda, kaffa zone Southwest Ethiopia from 22/22/2017-10/03/2017 E.C.</p>','<p>Due to these landslides, 156 households or 893 total population were displaced from their areas as wel as three death was registered. In addition, we identified a total of 246.25 Hectares Agricultural land with an estimated cereal of 17800 Kg was destroyed by landslides and 61 cattle or domestic animals was affected.</p>','<p>the primary causes of landslide at the area was heavy rain. All sectors can give support to the landslide-affected area but before occurrence of disaster budget was not allocated for emergency purpose. When we compare other areas like, Gezegofa, Gofa zone fatalities were small number but according to kaffa zone by landslide death History was high record. Temporary clinic were Opened at school and give service for affected peoples and different sectors including Bonga University give support for affected people’s inadition to that kaffa zone Administration give two Bonda cloth and different materials. Those displaced by these landslides were highly affected in different way; the situation needs great attentions by all concerned bodies. So Local government should facilitate the evacuation of the people from the area before any life lost. Additionally, it need long and short action plan to prevent any life lost.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Landslide, Adiyo district kaffa zone, southwest Ethiopia.</p>','30','2024-11-24 15:18:22','2024-11-24 16:28:02'),(14,16,'<p><strong>Dr BIRHANU JIKAMO (PhD, Assistance professor)</strong>&nbsp;</p><p>bjikammo@gmail.com</p><p>Fanuel Belayneh (Assistant Professor)</p><p>fanuelbelayneh@gmail.com</p>','<p>Measles surveillance system evaluation at chena district,kaffa zone, southwest Region 2024</p>','<p>Public health surveillance is an ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality, and to improve health. This is through revealing disease burdens and guiding the action to be taken, the health policy, planning, evaluation of health programs, providing a basis for research. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate public health surveillance systems in chena district, Kaffa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia region. To determine how well they operate to meet their stated purpose and goal as well to provide specific recommendation towards improving surveillance system, and attributes of the system<strong>.</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>Descriptive crossectional study was used to study surveillance system evaluation of measles, at chena district, kaffa zone, southwest Region 2016 E.C</p><p>Among chena district three-health facility were selected by simple random sampling method and under each cluster two-health post were selected to ensure representativeness. Data was collected, Analyzed and checked for completeness then we put by table and Graphs finally we summarized. The surveillance system evaluation was conducted from 17/06-24/08/2016 E.C.</p>','<p>All visiting health facilities PHEM focal persons and Health extension workers can be now 36 priorities (22 immediately and 14weekly) reportable diseases.</p><p>Means of reporting to the next higher facilities were hardcopy at health post and health center and woreda health office communicate by telegram channel.</p><p>Budget was not allocated for PHEM activities and there is no computers at all visiting Health centers.</p>','<p>In all health facilities epidemic management committees and RRT, team was established but not functionally meet on time schedule. In case of preparedness plan most of health centers has no emergency drugs and epidemic preparedness plan which affects early epidemic response.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Chena, surveillance system evaluation&nbsp;</p>','30','2024-11-24 15:29:57','2024-11-24 15:50:03'),(15,17,'<p>Alemu Tamiso(Associate Professor)</p><p>tamisodebiso@gmail.com</p><p>Deres Legesse(Assistant professor)</p><p>delhsaw@gmail.com</p>','<p>MEASLES OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION and MANAGEMENT, AT CHENA DISTRICT KAFFA ZONE, SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA2024</p>','<p>Measle is highly contagious and serious viral disease causes death among young children globally, despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. How ever measle outbreak is still a public health problem in different Ethiopian regions including southwest region.</p>','<p>We conducted unmatched 1:2 case control study of 60 cases and 120 controls in chena district from October to December 2023. Cases were selected from line lists and controls from their neighbors’ structured questioner was used to interview participants discussion were held with key informants about cold chain management and vaccination coverage. Micro soft office Excel, Epi Info 7.2.1.0 for and SPSS were used for Bivariate and Multivariate analysis&nbsp;</p>','<p>The outbreak was started from October 12 to December we identified a total of 60 cases and 120 controls the attack rate 6.7/1000 and case fatality rate 1.6 respectively. From total cases mentioned line list 42(71%) were vaccinated and 18(29%) were unvaccinated status. By multivariate analysis, Housing condition presence of window in the house were found to be statistically significant protective factor from developing a disease by Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR)1.9[95% CI = 0.02-0.32 P= 0.0002], Travel history 2 to 3 weeks before onset of disease to measles affected areas AOR 1.44[95%CI=192-10.8 PV 0.03]Contact with measle cases AOR 5.4 [CI95% 007-415 PV 005] and knowledge of measle vaccination were preventable AOR 1.8[95%CI= 4.93-7.171 PV = 0035]&nbsp;</p>','<p>The outbreak was confirmed based on laboratory diagnosis. Contact with measle case, Travel history, using bed for two or more children, educational status and living in unventilated House were the possible risk factors and increased susceptibility.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Measlesoutbreak,chena district</p>','30','2024-11-24 15:44:19','2024-11-24 15:45:32'),(16,20,'<p>Yohannes Awoke Assefa6, Rediet Getachew6, Goshu Nenko1, Biruk Fanta1, Tadele Amare1, Demeke Demilew1, Endalkachew Dellie3, Andualem Yallew3,&nbsp; Geta Asrade3, Zelalem Demeke6, Kegnie&nbsp; Shitu5, Getachew Azeze Eriku8,&nbsp; Chanyalew Worku9, Alemu Kassaw Kibret8, Tsegaye Gebremedhin Haile3, Melkamu Tamir Hunegnaw7, Haileab Fekadu3, Ayenew Molla3, Aysheshim Kassahun Belew7, Asmamaw Atnafu3, Tadesse Guadu4, Mezgebu Yitayal3, Netsanet Worku7, Kassahun Alemu Gelaye2, Telake Azale5, Tadesse Awoke2</p><p>2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia</p><p>3Department of Health system and Policy, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia</p><p>4Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia</p><p>5Department of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia</p><p>6Department of occupational therapy, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia</p><p>7Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia</p><p>8Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia</p><p>9Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia</p>','<p><strong>Magnitude of psychological distress and associated factors among war survivor women in Northern, Ethiopia, 2022: A community-based cross-sectional survey</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong> Civilian war and internal conflicts increase the incidences of mental health conditions among war survivors. It is crucial to assess war-related psychological consequences in war-affected areas in Ethiopia to intervene in the future. Thus, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of psychological distress and associated factors of psychological distress among war survivor women in Northern, Ethiopia.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted, and 1596 war survivor women were recruited to participate using a face-to-face interviews with a census sampling technique from May 1-30, 2022. The psychological distress was assessed using a Kessler psychological distress scale (K10). Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were used, and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable analyses were considered statistically significant.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Result:</strong> In this study, the response rate was 100% and the prevalence of psychological distress was 44.90% at a 95% CI: (42.40, 47.40). Psychological distress was significantly associated with the education of ability to read and write (AOR=2.92; 95% CI: 2.12, 4.01), primary education and above (AOR=3.08; 95% CI: 2.09, 4.54), housewife (AOR=5.07; 95%CI: 2.64, 9.74), farmer (AOR=8.92; 95%CI: 4.03, 19.70), emotional violence (AOR= 1.52; 95%CI: 1.05, 2.18), physical violence (AOR=3.85; 95%CI: 2.37, 6.26) and sexual violence (AOR=3.25; 95%CI: 1.98, 5.33) whereas being separate was protective for psychological distress (AOR=0.38; 95%CI: 0.16, 0.92).</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The prevalence of psychological distress was found to be high. Therefore, women who are housewives, married, farmers, educated, and who have experienced violence must be the focus of governmental and private collaborative interventions to prevent war-related psychological morbidity and mortality.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Keywords</strong>: War, women mental health, community, psychological distress, northern Ethiopia.</p>','31','2024-11-24 16:14:07','2024-11-24 16:14:07'),(17,16,'<p>Eniyokebede</p><p>enyewkebede22@gmail.com</p>','<p>Malaria surveillance system evaluation at Gewata and Gimbo district,kaffa zone, Southwest region 2024.</p>','<p>Surveillance, a core function of public health practice, is defined as “the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of information to those who need to know” and act upon that information. Malaria is a significant public health importance and priority health under surveillance which is available effective control and prevention measures for addressing the public health problem. The intended objective for this &nbsp; includes to evaluate the key attributes of surveillance system and to assess the core activities in Gimbo and Gewata district related to malaria surveillance system.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Institution based cross sectional study design was conducted in Gewata and Gimbo district, kaffa zone, Southwest Ethiopia.</p><p>&nbsp;From two district six Health centres and twelve Health Post was selected purposely-malaric endemic area.The key informants were chosen using a purposive sample strategy for both the qualitative and quantitative interview. Data were collected using CDC guideline abstracted checklist and secondary data was collected from counting cases from registration and report to check consistency, and lastly data was analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2010.</p>','<p>At the district level and in each of the health centres visited, the national PHEM guideline was accessible in physical copy and digital form. However, none of the six-visted health posts had access to a national PHEM guideline booklet. In the visited health facilities and health posts, there was no regular weekly reporting format. In the previous year, the zonal health department has twice overseen the district PHEM officer.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Generally, malaria surveillance system in the district was simple, acceptable, flexible, and sensitive, good predictive value positive, representative, timeline and stable. But the malaria surveillance system was challenged by lack of budget issues, reporting format, and low private health sector participation.</p>','<p>surveillance system evaluation, Malaria, Gewatadistrict, weekly report.</p>','30','2024-11-24 16:21:46','2024-11-24 16:25:10'),(18,20,'<p><strong>Mathewos Tuke1, Fanuel Belayneh1, Mesfin Melese1, &amp; Tilahun Tafese2</strong></p><p>1. Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Public Health Academic and Service Directorate, Ethiopian Field Epidemiology&nbsp; and Laboratory Training Program (EFELP)</p><p>&nbsp;2. Sidama Public Health Institute&nbsp;</p><p>Corresponding author: Mathewos Tuke Wakemo, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Public Health Academic and Service Directorate,</p>','<p><strong>Evaluation of Hypertension Surveillance System in Dale Woreda, Sidama Region, Ethiopia, 2024&nbsp;</strong></p>','<p>Hypertension is the leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension surveillance plays a crucial role in monitoring and evaluating the patterns and trends of diseases, which is essential for the better prevention and management of the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate hypertension surveillance system in Dale woreda, Sidama Region, Ethiopia, 2024.&nbsp;</p>','<p>This surveillance system evaluation was conducted on 15 Public and one private health facilities found in Dale woreda from 1st-15th June, 2024. Data was collected by in-person interviews and record reviews using a semi-structured questionnaire that was modified from the updated Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline for evaluating public health monitoring systems. Sixteen key participants were interviewed for the qualitative part. Records were reviewed for accuracy and consistency, including the supervision minute and feedback document. Epi Info 7 was used to enter the information collected, which was subsequently exported to STATA for analysis. The qualitative attributes were evaluated using the Five point Likert Scale, while the descriptive attributes and other variables were described using proportions and percentages. We used to rank and score attributes: as weak (&lt;60%), moderate (60% to &lt;80%) or good (≥80%).&nbsp;</p>','<p>There was no national Public health emergency management guideline manual in all visited health posts and private clinic. Both public and private health facilities did not conduct data analysis except woreda health office. There was no regular supportive supervision and provide timely feedback.</p><p>For the attribute, the usefulness of the system was rated good (100%), flexible (100%), Timely (97%) and data quality (completeness) (95%), simple (81%), moderate acceptable (72%); weak stable (50%).</p>','<p>Our findings demonstrate a need for routine data analysis and interpretation, and regular supportive supervision and feedback. The system is useful, flexible, timely and simple. But, unstable due to lack of dedicated resources. We recommend that the woreda health office to improve surveillance data usage, supportive supervision, feedback and allocate resources for hypertension surveillance activities.</p>','<p><strong>Key words: Evaluation, Surveillance System, Hypertension, Dale woreda</strong>&nbsp;</p>','32','2024-11-25 08:35:50','2024-11-25 08:35:50'),(19,19,'<p>Author: Gebreanenia Gebretsadik Gebremamas1; Sex: Male, Age :33, Email: ananiatsadik178@gmail.com, Phone Number: +251939755776.<br>Affiliations<br>1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, College of health Sciences, Mekelle university, Ethiopia.<br>Corresponding Authors; Desalegn Massa1 Email: desalegnmassa@gmail.com), Phone Number:251913362525, Senait Alemayehu2, Email: asenaitsenait@gmail.com, Phone Number: +251914197945.<br>Affiliations<br>1Lecturer and Assistant professor at Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, College of health Sciences, Mekelle university, Ethiopia.<br>2Lecturer at Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, College of health Sciences, Mekelle university, Ethiopia.<br><br></p>','<p><strong>Malaria outbreak investigation, response and its determinant factors in Maekel-Adyabo, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia-2023.</strong></p>','<p>Malaria, a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes, affects 300-500 million people annually, causing 1.7 million deaths, mostly in children. Conflicts have disrupted malaria prevention and early outbreak detection, critical for reducing its impact. This study investigated a malaria outbreak and associated risk factors in Maekel Adyabo.</p>','<p>A facility-based unmatched case-control study (1:2) was conducted in Maekel Adyabo from November 16, 2022, to February 25, 2023. Cases included individuals with malaria symptoms confirmed by RDT or microscope, while controls had no acute febrile illness symptoms a month before data collection. A total of 240 participants (80 cases, 160 controls) were selected via systematic random sampling from eight kebeles. Data collection was done by trained nurses, health officers, and health extension workers using a semi-structured questionnaire translated into Tigrigna. Data entry used EpiData, and analysis employed SPSS version 27, with P &lt; 0.05 deemed significant.</p>','<p>A total of 5,265 malaria cases and one community death were recorded, with an attack rate of 12.4% and a case fatality rate of 18.99 per 100,000. Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 59% of cases, while P. vivax comprised 41%. Protective factors included sleeping indoors (AOR=0.017, 95% CI: 0.07–0.039) and regular use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (AOR=0.384, 95% CI: 0.16–0.92). Risk factors included proximity to temporary water pools (AOR=9.51, 95% CI: 3.99–22.66), open wells (AOR=2.76, 95% CI: 1.21–6.30), gutters (AOR=6.34, 95% CI: 2.49–16.11), stagnant water (AOR=13.69, 95% CI: 5.73–32.68), and tick grass near homes (AOR=13.20, 95% CI: 5.13–33.57).</p>','<p>The outbreak, exacerbated by conflict and weakened prevention mechanisms, significantly impacted all kebeles. Strengthening malaria prevention efforts, such as distributing insecticidal nets, conducting indoor spraying, managing cases, eliminating breeding sites, and promoting health education, is crucial to controlling future outbreaks.</p>','<p>Malaria, Outbreak, plasmodium parasites, case control.</p>','33','2024-11-25 11:33:57','2024-11-26 07:27:22'),(20,16,'<p>Aregawi G. Belay&nbsp;</p><p>Affiliation: Mekele University&nbsp;</p>','<p>HIV Case Surveillance System Evaluation in Public and Private Health Facilities of Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia, May 20, 2024</p>','<p>The human immunodeficiency virus<strong> </strong>(HIV) case surveillance (CS) system systematically and continuously collects available socio-demographic and health event data of a person with HIV infection from diagnosis until death. Although system evaluation must be conducted regularly to ensure the system works as planned, the HIV CS system evaluation was not performed in Mekelle City. Hence, this evaluation aims to describe the implementation status of the system, describe the attributes, describe the knowledge of healthcare providers, and describe the core and supportive functions of the system.</p>','<p>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Mekelle health facilities from May 22-27, 2024. We collected the data using an adapted semi-structured questionnaire by Kobo-collect. The study was conducted in 7 health facilities, and 70 case report forms (CRF) samples were calculated using a single population proportion formula, to evaluate data quality, timeliness, and validity. After ordering CRF chronologically every other CRF was selected. The HIV CS system attributes, core functions, and implementation status of HIV CS were measured from 100% based on the tools used.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Of the 22 healthcare providers, only seven (31.8%) had good knowledge of HIV CS. The overall implementation of core and supportive functions was at 70.7%. The data quality, representativeness, stability, flexibility, usefulness, acceptability, confidentiality, and security of the HIV CS were at 89.6%, 49.8%, 50%, 90.5%, 41.2%, and 95% respectively. The overall implementation status of the HIV CS system in the city was 71.8%. The main challenges of the system were shortage of manpower, lack of ownership of healthcare providers, work overload in surveillance focal, absence of focal in-service deliveries, and interruption of the system.</p>','<p>We conclude that health workers\' knowledge of the HIV CS system is unsatisfactory. HIV CS system performs well in data quality, acceptability, flexibility, confidentiality &amp; security. However, representativeness, stability, and simplicity are not satisfactory. The overall implementation status of the HIV CS system is not sufficient compared to the regional and national targets. Activities that scale up the HIV CS system have to be conducted.&nbsp;</p>','<p>HIV, Surveillance, Health facilities</p>','36','2024-11-26 05:33:18','2024-11-26 05:33:18'),(21,16,'<p>&nbsp;Adebabay Dessie1, Solomon Gedlu Nigatu2, Mesafint Fekadu Andargie2, Achenef Asmamaw Muche2&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Authors Affiliation:</strong></p><p>1Field Epidemiology and Laboratory training program current trainee at University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p><strong>&nbsp;Email</strong></p><p>AD: adebabaydessie609@gmail.com (First and presenting author, Male, trainee)&nbsp;</p><p>SGN: <a href=\"mailto:sol.gondar@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">sol.gondar@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p><p>MFA: <a href=\"mailto:mesaykira@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mesaykira@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;AAM: ashua2014@gmail.com&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>An Outbreak of Human Cutaneous Anthrax Investigation in Gendewuha-East Dembiya District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p> Anthrax is a life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by <em>Bacillus anthracis</em> that affects both livestock and humans, posing significant public health problems in Ethiopia. On February 26, 2023, the Central Gondar Zonal Surveillance Office received notification of suspected human cutaneous anthrax cases from the East Dembiya district following consuming meat from an ill cow. An investigation was conducted to assess the outbreak\'s extent, identify risk factors, and implement control measures.&nbsp;</p>','<p>A 1:3 unmatched case-control study was conducted from February 15 to March 20, 2023, including 41 human cutaneous anthrax cases and 123 controls. Cases were defined as individuals with skin lesions evolving to a black eschar, while controls were neighbors without skin lesions. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) outbreak investigation tool. Epi Data 3.1 was used for data entry and SPSS version 20 for analysis. A binary logistic regression was fitted to identify factors for cutaneous anthrax infection. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined, and statistical significance was declared at a p-value &lt;0.05. The results were presented with texts, tables, graphs, and figures.&nbsp;</p>','<p>In this outbreak, a total of 41 human cutaneous anthrax cases (22 females, 19 males) with a median age of 22.8 years (SD±15.2) and no dead cases were reported. The attack rate was 5.3 per 1000 population. Factors significantly associated with cutaneous anthrax were consumption of meat from ill cows (AOR: 15.82, 95%CI, 6.72-65.30) and handling infected carcasses (AOR: 8.92, 95%CI, 2.46-32.39). No laboratory samples were collected.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The outbreak was linked to an infected cow, with contaminated meat consumption and carcass handling as primary risk factors. Public health education on safe carcass disposal and implementing One Health approaches for zoonotic disease control are crucial to prevent future outbreaks.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Anthrax, Cutaneous, Outbreak, Ethiopia, Zoonotic Disease&nbsp;</p>','38','2024-11-26 07:40:49','2024-11-26 07:40:49'),(22,16,'<p>G. Kune: Lecturer of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia,</p><p>email: <a href=\"mailto:%20guta.kune@ju.edu.et\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">guta.kune@ju.edu.et</span></a>, Phone Number:<strong> </strong>+251915918148</p><p>G. Chemeda: Field Epidemiology Training Program Resident Advisor, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia,</p><p>&nbsp;email: <a href=\"mailto:gemechis2019@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">gemechis2019@gmail.com</span></a><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">, </span>Phone Number:<strong> </strong>+251912748448</p><p>A. Desta: Southwest Ethiopia Regional Health Bureau, Bench Sheko Health Department, Southwest, Ethiopia, </p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">email: </span><a href=\"mailto:19adm64@yahoo.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">19adm64@yahoo.com</span></a><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">, </span>Phone Number:<strong> </strong>+251908000332</p>','<p><strong>Rubella Outbreak Investigation and Response in North Bench District, Bench Sheko Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, 2024</strong></p>','<p>Rubella is a contagious viral infection primarily affecting children and young adults. Globally, around 110,000 infants are born with Congenital Rubella Syndrome, leading to 1.5 million child deaths, especially in Africa.&nbsp; Ethiopia faces challenges from rubella outbreaks due to inadequate surveillance and immunization programs, necessitating investigations into its causes and risk factors in 2024.</p>','<p>We conducted a 1:1 community-based unmatched case-control study in the North Bench District from July 10 to 30, 2024. The study included 143 cases, randomly selected from a line list of individuals with laboratory-confirmed rubella or epidemiologically linked cases, and 143 controls chosen through simple random sampling from neighborhood residents without rubella. Data were collected using the Kobo Toolbox and structured questionnaires. Variables with p-values less than 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression, with significance set at p &lt; 0.05.</p>','<p>The investigation confirmed 4 rubella cases from 5 samples and the attack rate was 34.8 cases per 10,000, peaking at 69.4 in individuals under 15, with no fatalities reported. Having families &gt;5&nbsp; per household (AOR: 2.15, 95%CI: 1.19-3.86), had a history of diarrhea within two weeks before the rubella infection (AOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.53-4.57), no vitamin A supplementation in the past six months (AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.073-3.138),&nbsp; history contact with an active case (AOR: 3.81, 95% CI: 2.201-6.600) and living in a poorly ventilated house (AOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.026-3.185) were found to be significantly associated with rubella infection.</p>','<p>The rubella outbreak in North Bench District primarily affected those under 15 years old. Different factors have been revealed and to address this, enhancing vitamin A supplementation and sanitation is essential. Moreover, integrating rubella vaccination into the national immunization program and strengthening surveillance is vital for managing future outbreaks.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Rubella, Outbreak investigation, North Bench, Southwest Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','39','2024-11-26 08:42:15','2024-11-26 08:55:16'),(23,17,'<p><strong>Authors</strong>: Melaku G. Haile<strong>1</strong>, Mr. Zelalem M. Nigussie<strong>2*</strong>, Mr. Gizachew T. Wassie<strong>2**</strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><strong>1</strong>Principal Investigator from Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, MPH in Field Epidemiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: <a href=\"mailto:melakugirma2005@gmail.com\">melakugirma2005@gmail.com</a></p><p><strong>2</strong>Co-Authors from Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: <a href=\"mailto:zelalem2011@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">zelalem2011@gmail.com</span></a>2* and <a href=\"mailto:leulgzat@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">leulgzat@gmail.com</span></a> 2**</p>','<p><strong>Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination Uptake and Its Associated Factors Among Female Secondary School Students in Kemissie Town, Northeast Ethiopia, 2024</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background: </strong>As of 2022, the uptake of Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in Africa region stands at only 33% and as low as 20% in Sub Saharan Africa countries.This study aimed to assess the magnitude of HPV vaccination uptake and associated factors among female secondary school students in Kemissie town, Northeast Ethiopia, 2024.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Methods: </strong>School based cross-sectional study design was conducted from February 09 to March 09,2024 among female secondary school students in Kemissie town, Northeast Ethiopia. A total of 424 female students aged 14 to 19 years were selected using a computer generated simple random sampling technique and participated in the study. Data were collected using structured and self-administered questionnaire and entered into Epi-Info software then exported to SPSS for analysis. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using frequency and crosstab. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted at P value &lt; 0.05 and 95% CI to identify factors significantly associated with Human papillomavirus vaccination uptake.</p>','<p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 264 (62.26%, 95%CI: 58% - 67%) of female secondary school students had received HPV vaccine. Urban residence (AOR = 4.71, 95%CI: 1.86 - 11.95), choosing natural science stream (AOR = 2.95, 95%CI: 1.86 - 11.95), mother’s had secondary education and above (AOR = 3.60, 95%CI: 1.09 - 12.01), having good knowledge (AOR =3.14, 95%CI: 1.24 - 6.98) and positive attitude (AOR = 3.83, 95%CI: 1.62 - 9.05) were factors significantly associated with HPV vaccine uptake.</p>','<p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, the<strong> </strong>uptake of HPV vaccine was relatively good. The findings highlighted the need of more efforts to achieve global target of 90%.</p>','<p><strong>Key words: </strong>Cervical cancer, Human papillomavirus vaccination, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, School girls</p>','40','2024-11-26 12:34:20','2024-11-26 12:34:20'),(24,24,'<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Co-authors:&nbsp;<strong>Kasim Mohammed, Aman Yesuf&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Email: </strong><a href=\"mailto:Kasim.fti@gmail.com\"><strong>Kasim.fti@gmail.com</strong></a><strong>, </strong><a href=\"mailto:amanyesuf@gmail.com\"><strong>amanyesuf@gmail.com</strong></a>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Telephone: +251913071853, +251920569262</strong>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Affiliations: St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Healthcare Providers’ Adherence to Malaria Case Management Guideline in Afar region, Ethiopia, 2023</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Ethiopia has adapted series of national case management guidelines to effectively manage malaria. Few studies have reported that the guideline adherence to these guidelines is at a sub-optimal level in Ethiopia. This study aims to determine the level of adherence to malaria guideline and associated factors among public and private health facilities in Afar region of Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;A facility based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among public and private health facilities in Afar region from May 4th to 26th<strong>,</strong> 2023. A total of 334 healthcare providers’ and patient charts were recruited with multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire, entered to Epi-data 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 25.0. Binary logistic regression analysis were applied to assess factors associated with guideline adherence at p-value &lt;0.05.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Healthcare providers’ adherence to malaria case management guideline was 47.3%; 95% CI: 41%-52% in overall, 50.9%; 95% CI: 41%-58% in public and 43.7%; 95% CI: 36%-51% in private health facilities, respectively. Public health facility (AOR=3.9; 95% CI: 1.7-9.3) in overall analysis were significant factor for adherence to malaria guideline. Bachelor of Science in Nurse (AOR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.13-12.00), health centers (AOR=3.7;95%CI:1.5-9.2), training (AOR=3.4; 95% CI: 1.5-7.4), guideline availability (AOR=3.4; 95% CI: 1.04-11)and supervision (AOR=3.8; 95% CI: 1.6-8.7) were factors associated with guideline adherence in public health facilities while experience &lt;2 years (AOR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.4-9.2), training (AOR=2.37; 95% CI: 1.12-5), job aides displayed(AOR=2.7; 95% CI: 1.24-6.2) and supervision (AOR=3.5; 95% CI: 1.2-9.6) were factors associated with guideline adherence in private health facilities.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Healthcare providers’<strong> </strong>adherence to the national malarial case management guideline was below the standard both in public and private health facilities in Afar region, Ethiopia due to various factors identified in this study.&nbsp; By improving guideline adherence we can decrease morbidity and mortality related to malaria cases. Facility supervision, training, ensuring access and delivery of malaria case management guidelines and job aides would increase the adherence to malaria case management guidelines.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Adherence, Malaria, Case management guideline, Afar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','41','2024-11-26 13:06:39','2024-11-26 13:06:39'),(25,16,'<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Hailemichael Bizuneh, Abdu Ali, Alefech Addisu&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;Email: <a href=\"mailto:fentishmw@gmail.com*,hailemichael.bizuneh@sphmmc.edu.et,rageabdu2008@gmail.com,elfaddisu@gmail.com\">hailemichael.bizuneh@sphmmc.edu.et,rageabdu2008@gmail.com,elfaddisu@gmail.com</a>&nbsp;</p><p>Cell Phone: +251912041605, +251910691216, +251911335873&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;Affiliations: St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Afar Public Health and Research Institute, St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><h1>Malaria Outbreak Investigation and Response in Amibera District of Afar region, Ethiopia: 2022</h1><p>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Unusual occurrence of malaria cases were reported on May/08/2022 from Amibera district. A team confirms and notifies existence of malaria outbreak and starts response on May 20th /2022. The Amibera district is malaria hot spot area in Afar region of Ethiopia. We investigated to declare and to provide response of malaria outbreak in Amibera district of Afar region, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p>We conducted 1:2 ratio based un-matched case-control and descriptive cross-sectional study from May 20th to June 29th /2022. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit cases from a line list. Structured questionnaires were used for house to house active search. Epi-data version 3.1 was used for data entry and SPPS version 25 for analysis. Bivariable and Multi-variable analysis was carried out to ascertain the association between dependent and independent variables. Variables with p-value &lt;0.05 were used to declare statistical significance.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;A total of 62 cases and 124 controls were enrolled in the study. A total of 526 malaria cases with no death were identified. The overall attack rate was 44.4%. The attack rate was highest among males (AR=46.7%) and age group&gt;15 years (AR=67.6%). Staying in outdoor at night (AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.97-15.6), Not using ITN (AOR=3.4, 95% CI: 2.04-11.2), Presence of stagnant water within 1km radius of household (AOR=3.51, 95 %CI: 1.5-8.05) were factors associated with malaria infection.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;We identified a malaria outbreak with no death; males and adults aged &gt;15 years were highly affected<strong>. </strong>Presence of stagnant water in 1km radius around households, staying in outdoor activity and not using ITN at evening time were determinant factors. Community mobilization and awareness creation should be intensified to decrease the morbidity and mortality of malaria.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Malaria,&nbsp;<strong>Outbreak, Investigation, Response,&nbsp; Ethiopia</strong>&nbsp;</p>','41','2024-11-26 13:12:57','2024-11-26 13:12:57'),(26,19,'<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Tolcha Kebebaw, Sarah Zohdy, Refaat Hanna&nbsp;</p><p>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>PMI Entomology Team Lead, US President’s Malaria Initiative, Division of Parasitic Disease and Malaria, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA&nbsp;</p><p>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br></p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Distribution of </strong><strong><em>Anopheles stephensi</em></strong><strong> and malaria prevention practices among travelers in areas of high human population movement along the Ethiopia-Djibouti boarder</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp; Malaria is a concern in Ethiopia, despite being targeted for elimination. An invasive malaria mosquito, <em>Anopheles stephensi,</em> has been increasingly reported, in some contexts found to be associated with malaria outbreaks.&nbsp; Population movement across international borders may increase risk of exposure to new vectors and is a recognized obstacle for malaria elimination. We assessed the distribution of <em>Anopheles</em> stephensi and practice of malaria prevention among travelers&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp; A mixed design was used to collect data from travelers along the Ethiopia-Djibouti borders in 2022. Quantitative data were collected from travelers while qualitative data were collected through focus-group discussions and key-informant interviews. Mosquito larvae were collected for entomological investigation.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Out of the total 400 participants, only 118 (30%) reported practicing malaria prevention measures. Among 342 mosquito larvae/pupae collected, 43% were <em>An. stephensi</em>.&nbsp; Prior travel history, educational status, knowledge, and attitude towards malaria prevention were factors significantly associated with malaria prevention practices. Discussions and interviews with key-informants showed the existence of high cross-border movement.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<em>Anopheles stephensi</em> is a widely distributed vector along the Ethiopia-Djibouti border where malaria prevention practices are low. Implementation of traveler-specific malaria prevention mechanisms, including vector control, is recommended.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<em>Anopheles stephensi, Distribution, Malaria, Travelers, Prevention Practice&nbsp;</em></p>','41','2024-11-26 13:31:41','2024-11-26 13:31:41'),(27,20,'<p>Dawit Zenebe Weldemichael</p><p>College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Trend of Diabetes Mellitus in Tigray Region, Ethiopia, 2024: A </strong>Seven-Year<strong> Descriptive Secondary Data Analysis</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Background</strong>: Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern globally, with the greatest increase in low and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. It is one of the four leading causes of noncommunicable disease-related morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. However, there is limited information on the burden of diabetes mellitus, particularly, in the Tigray region. Therefore, this study aims to assess trends and describe the distribution of diabetes mellitus in the Tigray region from 2012-2018.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Descriptive secondary data analysis was used to describe diabetes mellitus in the Tigray region. Data abstraction format was used to extract data from the Tigray Regional Health Bureau database from July 20 to August 15, 2024, and analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2010. Descriptive statics of important variables were computed and displayed using text, tables, and figures.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The prevalence of diabetes was 0.82% by 2018 with a 64% increase over the study period. The prevalence varied significantly by place, age, and sex, with the highest rates observed in the Mekelle zone<strong> (</strong>4.28%<strong>)</strong>. Most diabetes cases (93.0%) were in the age group of fifteen and above. More than half (53.90%) of the total cases were males. Diabetes-related death decreased with irregular trend from 27 to eight per 10,000 diabetic patients over the seven-year study period. The highest (86.1%) death was observed in the oldest age group (&gt;=15 years).&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The rising trend of diabetes in Tigray, though lower than the national estimate, predominantly affects older adults and urban dwellers. This highlights the need for strengthening integrated disease management, lifestyle modification programs, and further community-based surveys.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Key Words</strong>: Diabetes mellitus, trend, Tigray, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','43','2024-11-26 15:23:08','2024-11-26 15:23:08'),(28,16,'<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Co-Author: Afewerki Tesfahunegn Nigusse, Email: afom.te@gmail.com&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p>College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Rubella Outbreak Investigation in Adigrat Town, Northern Ethiopia,2024.</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Background:</strong> Rubella virus infection has serious effects on pregnant women. However, rubella is neither notifiable disease nor part of immunization program in Ethiopia. Starting from November 26, 2023, a suspected case of rubella was reported from Adigrat town. The study aimed to investigate and control the suspected rubella outbreak in Adigrat town, Tigray region, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Following the descriptive study, a case-control study was conducted in Adigrat town from December 23, 2023 to March 30, 2024. Cases were people who presented with fever and maculopapular or laboratory-conﬁrmed cases or epidemiologically linked with the confirmed person, and controls were neighbors to a case with no signs and symptoms of rubella. Cases and controls were selected using simple random sampling and closest neighbor respectively. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was employed to determine the association of illness with risk factors and tested using the Odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> A total of 350 cases of rubella were identified from November 26, 2023, to March 19, 2024, in Adigrat town. The median age of the cases was 7 years (interquartile range=4.5-10). The attack rate was high in children aged five to nine years (11/1000), and in kebelle 04 (8/1000). Five out of seven samples were tested positive for rubella-specific IgM antibodies. Having school contact (Adjusted odds Ratio=6.302:95%CI= 2.981-13.322), household contact (AOR=6.032: 95% CI=2.393-15.209), and five and above family size (AOR=2.669: 95% CI =1.28-5.562) were significantly associated with rubella infection.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The rubella outbreak had a high attack rate predominantly affecting children under fifteen. School and household contact, and larger family size were significant risk factors for infection. These findings highlight the need for the introduction of rubella vaccination and surveillance, and public health interventions to prevent similar outbreaks.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Rubella, rubella outbreak, outbreak investigation, Adigrat town, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','44','2024-11-26 17:40:30','2024-11-26 17:40:30'),(29,16,'<p>Gebregeworgs G. Hailemariam1*, A.T. Nigusse2, M.H. Amaha3</p><p>1Field Epidemiology resident, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.</p><p>2Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p><p>3Public Health Emergency Management Case team, Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Mekelle, Ethiopia.</p><p>*Corresponding author: <a href=\"mailto:amoraalula29@gmail.com/+251980460555%0d\">amoraalula29@gmail.com<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">/+251980460555</span></a></p>','<p><strong>Magnitude of malaria in Tigray, Northen Ethiopia from 2014 to 2023; The effect of humanitarian crisis.&nbsp;</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong>Ethiopia has made a remarkable effort towards malaria prevention and control. However, malaria continues to occur at epidemic levels across various regions, with the Tigray conflict in 2020, severely damaging health infrastructure, including disease surveillance. There is a noticeable lack of malaria trend due to the humanitarian crisis (war). This study aimed to describe the malaria situation over the past decade in Tigray, Ethiopia.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted in July 2024 retrospectively data sourced from 2014-2023 in Tigray. Data was collected from the public health emergency management and health management information system database using data abstraction tool. Data was cleaned and analyzed through Microsoft excel 2019 and ArcGIS 10.7. The analyzed data was presented using narratives, tables and graphs.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 6,253,871 suspected cases, 1,802,363 (29%) were confirmed malaria cases, yielding an average incidence rate of 32.43 per 1,000 people (95% CI: 22.6-45.4) and a case fatality rate of 29 per 100,000. Plasmodium falciparum (66.5%) was the predominant species, followed by Plasmodium vivax (33.5%). The highest transmission was recorded in 2023 (302,605 cases), while the lowest was in 2021 (19,110 cases). During the conflict, report completeness decreased by 83%. Malaria cases peaked in autumn. The average incidence rate of males and females were 50.19 and 25.31 per 1000 population respectively and individuals over 15 years old were 43.16 per 1000. Incidence was highest in the western zone (93/1,000) and lowest in Eastern and Mekelle zones (5/1,000).&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although malaria prevalence decreased from 2014-2020, it surged post-2021 during the conflict and became a major public health issue. Strengthening vector control in high-transmission periods is essential for reducing malaria burden and supporting malaria elimination efforts.</p>','<p><strong>Key words:&nbsp;</strong>Malaria, Surveillance data analysis, Incidence rate, Tigray war, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','42','2024-11-26 19:15:29','2024-11-26 19:15:29'),(30,16,'<p>Amare Y Abate1*, Damtie L Abebe2, Bantie G Yirsaw3, Mesafnt F Andargie3, Dessie A Angaw3</p><p><strong>Author\'s institutional affiliation:</strong></p><p>1 Field Epidemiology and Laboratory training program graduate at the University of Gondar,</p><p>Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>2 Amhara National Regional State Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</p><p>3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine</p><p>and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p><strong>Author\'s email address:</strong></p><p>Amare Y Abate:&nbsp; <a href=\"mailto:yirgaamare3@gmail.com\">yirgaamare3@gmail.com</a>&nbsp; (First and presenting author, Male)</p><p>Damtie L&nbsp; Abebe: <a href=\"mailto:damtie27@gmail.com\">damtie27@gmail.com</a>&nbsp;</p><p>Bantie G Yirsaw: <a href=\"mailto:bantiegetnet@gmail.com\">bantiegetnet@gmail.com</a> &nbsp;</p><p>Mesafint F Andargie:&nbsp; <a href=\"mailto:mesaykira@gmail.com\">mesaykira@gmail.com</a>&nbsp;</p><p>Dessie A Angaw: <a href=\"mailto:dessieabebaw96@gmail.com\">dessieabebaw96@gmail.com</a></p>','<p>An outbreak of Streptococcus pyogenes skin infection in South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023</p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong> From December 10, 2022, to January 10, 2023, about 914 residents were diagnosed with unspecified skin lesions from two adjacent districts of Soth Gondar Zone (Andabiet and Dera). The investigation was undertaken to control the outbreak, identify the etiologic agent, identify the potential risk factors, describe its epidemiology, and prevent further similar outbreaks.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Methods</strong>: A descriptive cross-sectional survey followed by an unmatched community-based case-control study among 326 cases and 326 controls were employed. A lesion swabs from 11 patients were taken for laboratory confirmation of the etiologic agent.&nbsp; Active cases search was done house-to-house using epidemiologically linked case definitions. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from cases and controls through face-to-face interviews. A binary logistic regression analysis was fitted and variables with P-value of ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant risk factors.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Result</strong>: More than two-thirds (67.4%) of cases were males and the mean age of the cases was 20.3 (SD ± 5.5) years.&nbsp; The overall attack rate was 22.22 per 1000 population. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus pyrogens was identified as an etiologic agent for the outbreak. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis shows contact with cases (AOR = 5.98, 95% CI = 2.91-12.25), poor personnel hygiene (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.2-0.66), shortage of water for hygiene (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.27-3.76), wearing style covering extremities (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.23-0.70) and history of injury (AOR = 9.8, 95% CI 5.85-18.41) were statistically significant risk factors. &nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The outbreak disproportionately attacks youth group of population. Strengthening the local early warning system, improving the water supply, and hygiene practices are required to prevent further similar outbreaks in the area. S. pyogenes infection should be included in the local public health surveillance system.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Key words;</strong><em> Skin lesion, Outbreak, Investigation, Streptococcus pyogenes, Northwest Ethiopia</em>.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p>','46','2024-11-27 17:21:55','2024-11-27 17:21:55'),(31,16,'<p>&nbsp;</p><p><em>Yaregal F. Eaba1, B. Makango1, N. Abera1,2, T. Solomon1*, N. Fikre1, T. Assefa1, A. Barba1, K. Manzura1, T. Abagodu1, Sh. Tesfaye1, A. Getu1, T. Girma1, E. Gebre1, M. Befekadu1, N. Lemma1, K. Ketema1, M. Abte1</em>&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p><em>1Ethiopian Public Health Institute,</em> <em>Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</em>&nbsp;</p><p><em>2World Health Organization, Country Office,</em> <em>Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</em>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Assessment of Capabilities of Health Facilities’ Preparedness and Response to Public Health Emergencies in Ethiopia: Review of Health Facilities Capacity Guided by the WHO Framework</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>Healthcare facilities have a key role in disease surveillance and response, serving as a gateway and source of emerging or re-emerging diseases. Assessing their preparedness status in public health emergency management (PHEM) helps to improve detection, notification, and response capacities to public health emergencies. This study aimed to assess the status of and enhance PHEM at health facilities, as no comprehensive national assessment was available.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Health facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed to assess 197 health facilities in five regions and two city administrations in Ethiopia using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from July 1-30, 2022 through interviews using a structured questionnaire supplemented with observation and document reviews. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 26 and findings were triangulated with findings from after/intra action reviews and sentinel site reports.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;The assessment included 197 public and private health facilities: 43 hospitals, 113 health centers, 39 private clinics, and two charity organizations. It revealed significant gaps in infrastructure, logistics, finance, human resources, information management, and emergency preparedness. Key infrastructure challenges include lack of internet connection (46.7%), phone access (35.5%), electricity (6%), and isolation centers (51.2%). Human resource shortcomings are evident, with a lack of dedicated surveillance officers (87.8%), insufficient PHEM training for over half the staff (53.3%), and ineffective or absent rapid response teams (17% lack, 54% non-functional). More than half (51%) do not have an emergency preparedness and response plan and 29% lack specimen transport mechanisms. Only 34% of facilities have prepositioned emergency supplies, and 21% lack adequate personnel protective equipments.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p>The assessment showed significant gaps across health system building domains, indicating health facilities are critically underprepared for public health emergencies. Therefore, it is imperative to implement improvements in health facility readiness and assign and train dedicated officers to enhance public health emergency management.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Capabilities, Health Facilities, Preparedness, Response, Public Health Emergencies, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','47','2024-11-28 09:26:52','2024-11-30 05:20:57'),(32,16,'<p>1.&nbsp; D. Z. Weldemichael (BSc, MPH in Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics): Mekelle University, College of Health Science, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology.&nbsp;</p><p>2. M. Yimer (BSc, MPH in Field Epidemiology): Mekelle University, College of Health Science, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology.</p>','<p><strong>Suspected malaria outbreak investigation in Mayknetal district, Tigray, Ethiopia, April 2024.</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong>&nbsp;Malaria is a major public health concern in Ethiopia, with morbidity and mortality increasing amid ongoing humanitarian emergencies in Tigray. Malaria prevention programs were interrupted starting in 2021 due to armed conflict. Since March 4, 2024, malaria cases have surged in the Mayknetal district. This study aimed to investigate the outbreak and associated factors.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> An unmatched case-control study was conducted in Mayknetal from March 25–April 7, 2024. A sample size of 78 cases and 156 controls was calculated using Epi-Info-7, selected randomly from the malaria register book. Cases were confirmed positive, and controls were confirmed negative via rapid diagnostic tests. Data were collected through interviews, entered in Epi-Data v3.1, and analysed with SPSS v23. Results were reported using adjusted odds ratios (AOR), 95% confidence intervals, and p-values.</p><p><br></p>','<p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 141 malaria cases (attack rate: 23.36/1,000) and no deaths were reported. Males (29.4/1,000) and children aged 5–14 years (29.6/1,000) had higher attack rates. All cases were treated with artemisinin-based combination therapy, as other medications were unavailable. Despite 99.6% LLITN ownership, no homes had received indoor residual spraying since 2020. Significant risk factors included staying outdoors (AOR=4.5; 95% CI: 1.96–10.1), open eaves (AOR=3.34; 95% CI: 1.25–8.9), prior malaria infection (AOR=5.00; 95% CI: 1.49–16.73), and sharing rooms with malaria-infected individuals (AOR=10.23; 95% CI: 3.6–29.2). Protective factors included good malaria knowledge (AOR=0.29; 95% CI: 0.12–0.73) and wearing full-coverage clothing (AOR=0.21; 95% CI: 0.08–0.54).</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> A confirmed malaria outbreak disproportionately affected males and children aged 5-14 years. Despite high coverage of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, the outbreak was not prevented and other prevention gaps and factors contributed. Strengthened surveillance, community education, species-specific case management, and integrated vector control are critical to controlling and mitigating future outbreaks.</p>','<p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Malaria, Malaria outbreak, Armed conflict, Ethiopia.</p>','49','2024-11-28 12:18:52','2024-11-28 12:18:52'),(33,20,'<p>Mr. Kebadnew Mulat1, Dr. Kindie Fentahun Muchie1, Mr. Tesfahun Taddege2</p><p>1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p><p>2 Public Health Emergency Management Directorate, Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Level of Adherence to Lifestyle Modification and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients at Sentinel Site Health Facility - Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia, 2024</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Background</strong>: Hypertension is a critical global health challenge, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with limited healthcare resources. Effective management of hypertension requires strict adherence to lifestyle modifications; however, non-adherence remains a significant barrier to achieving optimal blood pressure control. This study aimed to investigate the level of adherence to lifestyle modifications and the associated factors among hypertensive patients in selected sentinel health facilities in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Methods</strong>: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 24 to May 23, 2024, in hypertension sentinel site health facilities in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 421 adult hypertensive patients on treatment for at least 6 months were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data collection involved a pretested and structured questionnaire administered through Computer-Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) and patient chart reviews using the ODK tool. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with adherence to lifestyle modifications.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Results</strong>: Out of the respondents, 271 (64.4%) adhered to lifestyle practices. Knowledge about lifestyle modifications (AOR = 4.48, 95% CI: 2.30–8.75), good self-efficacy (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.61–5.01), good adherence to antihypertensive medication (AOR = 4.64, 95% CI: 2.54–8.45), education (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18–0.89), and being overweight/obese (AOR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04–0.14) were key determinants of adherence.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusions</strong>:<strong> </strong>The level of adherence to lifestyle modifications was found to be Moderate. Knowledge of lifestyle modifications, self-efficacy, adherence to antihypertensive medication, education level, and BMI were key determinants of adherence. Increasing the awareness of lifestyle modifications, fostering self-efficacy, and encouraging consistent medication adherence are crucial for improving adherence to lifestyle modifications among hypertensive patients.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Keywords</strong>: lifestyle modification, hypertension, adherence, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','22','2024-11-29 06:29:43','2024-11-29 06:33:04'),(34,23,'<p>1. D. T. Dadi&nbsp; (Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia)</p><p>2. K. H Abate (Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia)</p>','<p><strong>Impact of Indoor Air Pollution on the Linear Growth of Children in Jimma, Ethiopia. A prospective Cohort Study&nbsp;</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong> Stunting in children is the term for reduced linear growth and development, which is frequently brought on by a persistently inadequate diet, recurrent infections and chronic diseases or poor health conditions. Apart from the classic covariates of stunting, which include diet and illness, the relative contribution of household air pollution to chronic nutrition conditions is least studied. Hence, this study is conducted to investigate the impact of household air pollution on the linear growth of under-five children in Jimma town, Ethiopia.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective cohort study was employed to collect data from 280 under-five children who lived in households using solid fuel (exposed group, n =140) and clean fuel (unexposed group, n = 140). Height-for-age Z scores were compared in both groups over a 12-month follow-up period. The difference in differences estimators were used for comparison of changes in the height-for-age Z scores from baseline to end line in exposed and non-exposed groups. The independent effect of the use of solid fuels on height-for-age Z scores was analyzed through a multivariable linear regression model. Statistical Significances were declared at &nbsp; P &lt; 0.05 and 95% CI level.</p>','<p><strong>Results:</strong> In an unadjusted model (Model 1), compared with the clean fuel type, the mean difference in the height-for-age Z&nbsp; score of children in households using solid fuel was lower by 0.54 (-0.54, 95% CI -0.97, -0.12, P = 0.011). The beta coefficient remained negative after adjusting for age and sex (Model 2 -0.543, 95% CI -1.373, -0.563) and sociodemographic variables (Model 3:&nbsp; -0.543, 95% CI -1.362, -0.575). In the final model (Model 4), which adjusted for wealth quantile, dietary practice, water, sanitation and hygiene status&nbsp; and household food insecurity access scale, the beta coefficient held the same and significant (beta:&nbsp; -0.543, 95% CI -1.357, -0.579, P &lt; 0.001). Higher HAZ scores were observed among female child (β: = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.28, 0.69), Child with father attended higher education (β:&nbsp; = 0.304 95%CI: 0.304, 95% CI 0.19, 0.41) as compared to male gender and those who did not attend a formal education, respectively. In contrast, child living in households with poor hygiene practices had lower HAZ score (β: -0.226, 95% CI: -0.449, -0.003), P &lt; 0.001.</p>','<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Exposure to indoor air pollution was inversely related to linear growth. Furthermore, sex, educational status and hygiene were found relevant predictors of linear growth. In such a setting, there is a need to step up efforts to design and implement public education campaigns regarding the health risks associated with exposure to household air pollution. Promoting improvements to kitchen ventilation and the use of improved cooking stoves, which will help to mitigate the detrimental effects of indoor air pollution on child growth impairment and its long-term effects.</p>','<p>Indoor air pollution, Stunting, Linear Growth, Children, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','27','2024-11-29 17:39:18','2024-11-29 17:39:18'),(35,23,'<p>1. D. Tamiru (Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia)</p><p>2. K. H Abate (Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia)</p><p><br></p><p><br></p>','<p><strong>Exposure to Household Air Pollution and Childhood Multimorbidity Risk in Jimma, Ethiopia</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong>Childhood multimorbidity, characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of multiple medical conditions in children, is a global concern. Notably, exposure to household air pollution has been linked to various health issues, particularly affecting vulnerable segments of the population residing in poorly ventilated homes. However, evidence regarding the impact of household air pollution on the risk of multimorbidity in low-income settings remains scarce. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between household air pollution and childhood multimorbidity in Jimma, Ethiopia.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 280 children under the age of five who lived in households using solid fuel (n =140) and clean fuel (n = 140). The Demographic Health Survey morbidity questionnaire was used to collect information from mothers about common childhood illnesses. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the relationship between the use of solid fuel for cooking in households and the likelihood of childhood multimorbidity. In addition, Poisson regression estimation was used to determine if exposure to solid fuel could increase the number of morbidities.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Results:</strong> The overall prevalence of childhood multimorbidity was 34.3% [95% CI: 0.29–0.40]. Among these cases, 23.9% were among children from solid fuel user households, whereas about 10.4% were from clean fuel user households. Adjusted for all possible socioeconomic, demographic, water, sanitation, hygiene, and health care covariates, children living in solid fuel user households had more than three times the odds of childhood multimorbidity compared to children living in clean fuel user households (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI [1.42–6.95], p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, household air pollution from solid fuel use was positively associated with an increased number of individual morbidity conditions, with an adjusted β coefficient of 0.46 (IRR = 1.58, 95%CI [1.17-2.13], p = 0.003).</p>','<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Solid fuel use was an independent predictor of childhood morbidity risk. Efficient policies and strategies, such as the integration of environmental regulation policies into the healthcare system aimed at the reduction of harmful air pollutants and their adverse health effects on children, need to be implemented.</p>','<p>Multimorbidity, Household Air Pollution, Particulate Matter, Solid fuels, Morbidity, Children, Ethiopia</p>','27','2024-11-29 17:44:15','2024-11-29 17:44:15'),(36,16,'<p>⁕1Bahir Dar University, school of public health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EFELTP resident at field base of Amhara Public Health Institute&nbsp;</p><p>2EFELTP graduate, Public Health Emergency Management Expert at Amhara Public Health Institute.&nbsp;</p><p>Email: ttaddege@gmail.com</p><p>3MPH in Biostatistics, Assistant professor at Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Email: abebayehubitew@gmail.com</p><p>4Amhara National Regional State, Amhara Public Health Institute, Ethiopia, Public Health Emergency Management Directorate Director. Email: bernehabraham@gmail.com</p><p>5MPH in Epidemiology, Lecturer Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Ethiopia. Email: Yohanzewd44@gmail.com</p><p>6Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (EFELTP) Manager Ministry of Health, Ethiopia. Email: abebegelaw80@gmail.com</p><p>7MSc in Environmental Health, Lecturer at Debre Tabor University. Email : chalachewyenew50@gmail.com</p>','<p><strong>Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak investigation at neonatal intensive care unit of Felege hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital – Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2024</strong></p>','<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: <em>Klebsiella</em> are Gram-negative nonmotile rods. It is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis, highly fatal with having antimicrobial resistant nature. Occur mostly in debilitated subpopulations. Infection prevention is essential to limiting the spread of the microorganism. The study aimed to determine the disease burden, source, antimicrobial resistance, and to generate information.</p>','<p><strong>Methods</strong>: Unmatched case control study, with ratio of cases to controls 2:1, was conducted from October 2023- February 2024 at neonatal intensive care unit of Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Cases were culture positives and controls were negatives for Klebsiella pneumonia. All 85 culture positives were enrolled, and 170 controls were selected using simple random sampling. Environmental samples were taken to assess the source of infection. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify exposure factors and variables with p-value less than 0.05 in the bivariable models, was considered as candidate for multivariable regression. Adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence level (CI) were used to declare statistically significant association between the outcome variable and the exposures.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Results</strong>: A total of 85 cases and 27 deaths (31.8% case fatality rate) were identified. Antimicrobial resistance for Amikacin, Ceftazidime, Meropenem, Cotrimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin were three percent, 92.9%, 93%, 98.4%, 98,6% and 100% respectively. After multi-variate regression, a 5th minute APGAR score&lt;7 (AOR=2.8, 95% CI:1.52-5.218, P=0.001), birth weight &lt;2500gm (AOR=2.7, 95% CI:1.425-4.946, P=0.002), continuous positive airway pressure treatment (AOR=2.4, 95% CI:1.248-4.731, P=0.009), glucose treatment (AOR=2.0, 95% CI:1.029-3.824, P=0.041) and maleness (AOR=1.9, 95% CI:1.047-3.504, P=0.035) were associated factors.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Delivery ward was the source of infection. Klebsiella pneumoniae causes high neonatal mortality. It was resistant to most antibiotics except Amikacin. Low birth weight, low APGAR score, treatments with glucose, continuous positive airway pressure treatment and male sex were risk factors. Infection prevention measures was helpful to control the infection.</p>','<p><em>Key words</em>: Klebsiella pneumoniae, antimicrobial resistance, infection prevention, low birth weight, Neonatal intensive care unit.</p>','48','2024-11-29 19:40:21','2024-11-29 19:40:21'),(37,21,'<p>Co-Authors; Meseret Kebede, Atalay Goshu&nbsp;</p><p>Affiliation; University of Gondar</p>','<p>Prevalence of malaria and associated factors among pregnant women in East Dembia District Northwest Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','<p>Even though several measures have been taken to eliminate malaria, its burden remains persistently high in Sub-Saharan Africa. More than 125 million pregnant women are at risk of getting malaria per year. There is a scarcity of community based evidence on malaria prevalence among pregnant women and associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia. This study aimed to generate evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of malaria among pregnant women in East Dembia district, North West Ethiopia.</p>','<p>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2022 in East Dembia district, North West Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 821 pregnant women.A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Malaria was diagnosed using rapid diagnostic testing. The data was entered using EPI info version 7 and transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were presented using frequency and percentages. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with malaria infection among pregnant women. Variables having p-value &lt; 0.25, and 0.05 were used as the cut-off value for statistical significance for the bivariate and multivariable models respectively. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios with their 95% confidence interval were used to measure the strength of the association.</p>','<p>In this study, 111 (14%, 95% CI: 10.20-19.40%) of the participants were found to have malaria. Among these, 82 (73.80%) of the parasite-positive pregnant women were infected with <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>, and the remaining 23 (20.72%) and 6 (5.41%) were infected with <em>Plasmodium vivax</em> and mixed species respectively. In the multivariate analysis; unprotected source of water<strong>,</strong> (AOR: 14.99; 95% CI: 1.08-207.50), utilization insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) (AOR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03-0.49) stagnant water less than 1Killo meter distance from home (AOR: 3.52; 95% CI: 1.16-10.74), ownership bed net (AOR: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.04-0.70) were significantly associated with malaria among pregnant women.</p>','<p>Malaria is still a public health problem among pregnant women in East Dembia district. Stagnant water, utilization of insecticide-treated bed nets, and ownership of bed nets had a significant association with malaria. Screening pregnant women for asymptomatic malaria infection and distribution of proper utilization of bed nets shall be provided.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Prevalence, Malaria, Pregnant women, East Dembia, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','52','2024-11-30 18:13:33','2024-11-30 18:13:33'),(38,20,'<p>&nbsp;</p><p>1.Yohanis Tesfaye Ayana*(BSc.)&nbsp;</p><p>Addis Ababa UniversityCollege of Health science and School of Public Health&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">keetoraanjohn@gmail.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp;Cell Phone:+251917726243, P.O.Box:1176,Addis Ababa&nbsp;</p><p>2.Abdulnasir Abegaro(MPH,PHD Fellow)&nbsp;</p><p>Addis Ababa UniversityCollege of Health science and School of Public Health&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">adlnsr@yahoo.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Cell Phone:+251911806475 P.O.Box:1176,Addis Ababa&nbsp;</p><p>3.Ademu Addissie(MD,MPH,,MA,PHD,Associated Prof.)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp;Addis Ababa UniversityCollege of Health science and School of Public Health&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">adamuaddis@yahoo.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Cell Phone:+251911404954, P.O.Box:1176, Addis Ababa&nbsp;</p><p>4. Zegeye Hailemariam(DVM,MPH)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp;Ethiopian field Epidemiology and laboratory Training program and Federal ministry of Health&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">zegeyehailemariam@yahoo.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Cell Phone:+251911665648&nbsp;</p><p>5.Dereje Diriba(BSc,MPH)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ddtk2004@gmail.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Public Health Emergency Management Departments, Oromia, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Cell Phone:+251911353089&nbsp;</p><p>6.Daniel Bekele (BSc,MPH)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">danielbekele535@gmail.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Public Health Emergency Management Departments, Oromia, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Cell Phone:+251983740728&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><h1>prevalence and determinants of uncontrolled hypertension among the hypertensive adults on treatment follow up at govermental public health facilities in Sheger city, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2024.&nbsp;</h1><p><br></p>','<p><strong>Background</strong>: uncontrolled hypertension affects nearly 1 billion people worldwide, with the highest rates in Sub-Saharan Africa, where up to 70% of cases are uncontrolled. In Ethiopia, the prevalence ranges from 37% to 63%. However, the impact of social determinants on hypertension-related mortality is poorly understood, particularly in Sheger city, where no studies on uncontrolled hypertension have been conducted. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of uncontrolled hypertension in Sheger city.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Methods</strong>: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1–April 30, 2024, in Sheger city. A simple random sampling method selected health facilities, while 354 participants were chosen using systematic random sampling. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg for individuals’ ≤ 60 years and ≥ 150/90 mmHg for those &gt; 60 years. Data on demographics, socioeconomic status, and clinical characteristics were collected through interviews and medical exams. Data were analyzed using statistical software for social science version 26, with descriptive statistics and logistic regression to determine determinants (adjusted odd ratio, 95% confidence interval, P&lt; 0.05).&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Results</strong>: Among the 354 respondents, 52% were male, with a mean age of 55 years (SD = 12.9). The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension in Sheger city was found to be 89%, which is notably higher than the national range of 37% to 63%. Significant independent predictors of uncontrolled hypertension included alcohol consumption (AOR = 5.65), high saturated fat intake (AOR = 16.52), and coffee consumption (AOR = 3.79). Protective factors included salt reduction (AOR = 0.20), frequent grain consumption (AOR = 0.08), and fruit consumption (AOR = 0.03).&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Uncontrolled hypertension was highly prevalent. Alcohol, coffee, and saturated fat intake were key risk factors, while dietary habits like salt reduction, grains, and fruit intake were protective. Healthcare professionals should encourage alcohol abstinence and promote healthy eating practices to help manage hypertension effectively.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Keywords: </strong>uncontrolled hypertension, prevalence, determinants, Shegercity, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','51','2024-11-30 18:34:19','2024-11-30 18:34:19'),(39,16,'<p>&nbsp;</p><p>1.Yohanis Tesfaye Ayana*(BSc.)&nbsp;</p><p>Addis Ababa UniversityCollege of Health science and School of Public Health&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">keetoraanjohn@gmail.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp;Cell Phone:+251917726243, P.O.Box:1176,Addis Ababa&nbsp;</p><p>2.Abdulnasir Abegaro(MPH,PHD Fellow)&nbsp;</p><p>Addis Ababa UniversityCollege of Health science and School of Public Health&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">adlnsr@yahoo.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Cell Phone:+251911806475 P.O.Box:1176,Addis Ababa&nbsp;</p><p>3.Ademu Addissie(MD,MPH,,MA,PHD,Associated Prof.)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp;Addis Ababa UniversityCollege of Health science and School of Public Health&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">adamuaddis@yahoo.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Cell Phone:+251911404954, P.O.Box:1176, Addis Ababa&nbsp;</p><p>4. Zegeye Hailemariam(DVM,MPH)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp;Ethiopian field Epidemiology and laboratory Training program and Federal ministry of Health&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">zegeyehailemariam@yahoo.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Cell Phone:+251911665648&nbsp;</p><p>5.Dereje Diriba(BSc,MPH)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ddtk2004@gmail.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Public Health Emergency Management Departments, Oromia, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Cell Phone:+251911353089&nbsp;</p><p>6.Daniel Bekele (BSc,MPH)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">danielbekele535@gmail.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Public Health Emergency Management Departments, Oromia, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Cell Phone:+251983740728&nbsp;</p>','<h2>&nbsp;Cholera outbreak investigation and response at haramaya woreda, East Hararghe, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2023.&nbsp;</h2>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Background</strong>: Cholera is a persistent public health challenge in Ethiopia, causing significant morbidity and mortality. In Haramaya Woreda, an outbreak prompted an investigation to verify the diagnosis, identify risk factors, and implement appropriate control measures to mitigate its spread.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Methods:</strong> An unmatched case-control study was conducted. Cases were defined as individuals aged ≥2 years with acute watery diarrhea and severe dehydration or death from acute watery diarrhea. Controls were community members without symptoms. Fifty cases and 100 controls were recruited based on clinical and laboratory findings. Stool and water samples were tested for <em>Vibrio cholerae</em> and <em>E. coli</em>. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression using SPSS version 26.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Results:</strong> The median ages of cases and controls were 12 and 14 years, respectively. Females comprised 62% of cases and 51% of controls. The attack rate was 1.9 per 10,000, with a case fatality rate of 4%. Drinking unprotected natural spring water (AOR = 16.02, 95% CI: 6.02–30.06) and eating raw vegetables (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 2.10–6.80) were significant risk factors. Protective factors included latrine use (AOR = 0.79), use of chlorinated water (AOR = 0.75), knowledge of cholera transmission (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.05–0.83), and good hand hygiene practices (AOR = 0.53).&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Conclusion &amp; Recommendation:</strong> The outbreak in Haramaya Woreda was caused by <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>. Key risk factors included drinking unprotected spring water, consuming raw vegetables, and poor hand hygiene. Immediate control measures, such as promoting water treatment, hand hygiene, and public education, were initiated to curb the outbreak.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Keywords:</strong> Unmatched case control study, cholera outbreak, Hand hygiene, spring water, Haramaya.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p>','51','2024-11-30 19:35:53','2024-11-30 19:35:53'),(40,16,'<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Investigator name: Duol Olock Thiyang</strong>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Names of mentors</strong>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Academic mentor: Mr. Desta Bekele&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Field mentor:&nbsp; Mr. Getahun Ali (BSc, MPH FETLP)</strong>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Supervise mentor: Mr. Gnikew Gilo&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>','<p>&nbsp;MALARIA SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM EVALUATIONS IN JEKOW DISTRICT, NUER ZONE, GAMBELLA, SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA, 2024&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong><em>Surveillance</em></strong><em> refers to the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data to monitor and improve the health of populations. Malaria is a 14-priority disease that is reported weekly, and it is a significant disease burden to the public. It is the public health priority of the Jekow district. These issues contribute to the challenges faced by the surveillance system in the Jekow district. This study aims to evaluate the surveillance system of malaria in the Jekow district to identify gaps and strengths so that recommendations for further improvement of the system can be made.</em>&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong><em>Methods: A </em></strong><em>cross-sectional study will be conducted on malaria surveillance system evaluation from May,1-25/2024 in Jekow district, Nuer zone, Gambella region. The district health office with two health centers and randomly selected five health posts was included in the study. Data will be obtained from the study population through face-to-face interviews using questionnaires and record review by using checklists.&nbsp;</em></p><p><em>The completeness and consistency of collected data will be checked manually before being entered into a computer. Finally, data will be entered; and processed, and descriptive analysis will be conducted using MS Excel 2010.</em>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>: The completeness and the timeliness of the report in the district were 92% and 91% within the past 12 weeks (from Who week 15-Week 26) respectively. In the district data was simply compiled from the next lower level and submitted to the zone without further analysis.&nbsp; 5(71.4%) of health facilities in the Jekow district use standard case definitions from PHEM guidelines to detect malaria cases. The epidemic management committee was established in the district health office, and both visited health centers however, they had no scheduled meeting.</em>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong><em>Conclusion and recommendation</em></strong><em>: The absence of a malaria monitoring chart and surveillance data analysis hindered the actual estimate of the magnitude of the disease at the district as well as the health facility level. Training should be given by zonal or NGOs to surveillance officers and focal persons that help them how to organize and analyze surveillance data.</em>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Key words; </strong><em>malaria, surveillance system, disease surveillance, Jekow.</em>&nbsp;</p>','53','2024-12-01 06:58:56','2024-12-01 06:58:56'),(41,16,'<p>&nbsp;<strong>Investigator name: Duol Olock Thiyang</strong>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Names of mentors</strong>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Academic mentor: Mr. Desta Bekele&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>Field mentor:&nbsp; Mr. Getahun Ali (BSc, MPH FETLP)</strong>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Supervise mentor: Mr. Gnikew Gilo&nbsp;</strong></p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Measles Outbreak and its Associated Factors in Lare district, Nuer zone, Gambella Region, 2023; Community-Based Case-Control Study</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>background: &nbsp;</p><p>Measles is a febrile rash illness caused by a Morbillivirus, which belongs to the Paramyxovirus family. It spreads from person to person through airborne droplets. In many African countries, it ranks as the fourth leading cause of mortality among children under five years of age. The illness begins with prodromal symptoms such as fever, malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by the appearance of a maculopapular rash. This rash typically emerges around 14 days after exposure, although the incubation period can vary from 7 to 21 days. Measles can pose serious health risks to individuals of all ages, but children under five and adults over 20 are particularly vulnerable to complications. Unvaccinated young children and pregnant women are at the highest risk of contracting measles and experiencing severe complications, including death.&nbsp; To determine the magnitude and determinants of Measles outbreak in Kuergeng town, Lare district, Nuer zone, Gambella region, 2022. &nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Methods</strong>: A community-based case-control study was conducted. This Investigation was conducted in Lare district which is located 775 Km away from Addis Ababa and 31 km away from Harare town Oromia region. <strong>Cases: </strong>any person who is residing in Kuergeng town in Lare districts with fever and maculopapular generalized body rash and develops any of the following symptoms; Cough, Coryza, or Conjunctivitis between. <strong>Controls: -</strong> any person residing in the same community with a case who did not develop signs and symptoms of measles. All the identified cases of measles by line list and active case search in Kuergeng town and controls who are neighbors for case patients were recruited. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect available data. Data was coded, organized, and entered into Epi Info version 7.2.2 and exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of measles infection.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Results; </strong>Being unable to read and write (AOR= 5.1; 95% CI: 1.2-21). Respondents who know about measles mode of transmission (AOR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.54), are unvaccinated persons (AOR=3.36; 95% CI: 1.3, 8.6) and have a contact history with measles case (AOR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.06, 6.2) was the independent determinants of measles infection.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Educational status being unable to read and write, having a contact history with measles cases, and being an unvaccinated person were factors positively associated with measles infection while knowing about measles mode of transmission was a factor negatively associated with measles infection.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong><em>Key words; </em></strong><em>measles, outbreak investigation, lare, Nuer Zone, Gambella, southwest, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</em></p>','53','2024-12-01 07:14:04','2024-12-02 09:03:00'),(42,20,'<p>&nbsp;1.Yohanis Tesfaye Ayana*(BSc.)&nbsp;</p><p>Addis Ababa UniversityCollege of Health science and School of Public Health&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">keetoraanjohn@gmail.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp;Cell Phone:+251917726243, P.O.Box:1176,Addis Ababa&nbsp;</p><p>2.Abdulnasir Abegaro(MPH,PHD Fellow)&nbsp;</p><p>Addis Ababa UniversityCollege of Health science and School of Public Health&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">adlnsr@yahoo.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Cell Phone:+251911806475 P.O.Box:1176,Addis Ababa&nbsp;</p><p>3.Ademu Addissie(MD,MPH,,MA,PHD,Associated Prof.)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp;Addis Ababa UniversityCollege of Health science and School of Public Health&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">adamuaddis@yahoo.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Cell Phone:+251911404954, P.O.Box:1176, Addis Ababa&nbsp;</p><p>4. Zegeye Hailemariam(DVM,MPH)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp;Ethiopian field Epidemiology and laboratory Training program and Federal ministry of Health&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">zegeyehailemariam@yahoo.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Cell Phone:+251911665648&nbsp;</p><p>5.Dereje Diriba(BSc,MPH)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ddtk2004@gmail.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Public Health Emergency Management Departments, Oromia, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Cell Phone:+251911353089&nbsp;</p><p>6.Daniel Bekele (BSc,MPH)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E-mail:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">danielbekele535@gmail.com</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Public Health Emergency Management Departments, Oromia, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Cell Phone:+251983740728&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Evaluation of hypertension surveillance system, Sheger city, Oromia, Ethiopia, October, 2023&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp; <strong>Background</strong>: Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events and a major global health issue. In 2016, approximately 1.13 billion adults were affected by hypertension, with about 7.5 million deaths attributed to it globally in 2021. Two-thirds of these cases occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the high burden of non-communicable diseases including hypertension, in Sheger City, Oromia, Ethiopia, no evaluation of its hypertension surveillance system has been conducted. This study aimed to assess the performance and key attributes of the system.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Methods</strong>: We conducted a mixed-methods study from August to September 2023 across 12 health facilities and 12 health offices in Sheger City. Quantitative data were collected by reviewing records from these units, while qualitative data were gathered through interviews with 34 purposively selected key informants. The evaluation was guided by updated CDC guidelines for assessing surveillance systems.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Results</strong>: Data flow from health facilities to higher levels was functional; however, emergency preparedness plans were only available at the district level. Monthly report completeness was 74%, and timeliness was 66%. Supportive supervision and feedback mechanisms were weak, with no regular data analysis conducted. Stakeholder participation in the surveillance system was low. While the system was simple to implement, it was unrepresentative and inflexible. Data quality and documentation were poor, especially at lower-level facilities. System stability was compromised by budget constraints, logistics challenges, high staff turnover, and limited training opportunities.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Conclusion</strong>: The hypertension surveillance system in Sheger City was simple but demonstrated weaknesses in several attributes, including data quality, timeliness, completeness, usefulness, acceptability, flexibility, and stability. To improve performance, we recommend increasing stakeholder engagement, conducting regular data analysis, preparing epidemiological bulletins, enhancing capacity-building initiatives, and implementing consistent supervision and feedback mechanisms.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Keywords</strong>: Surveillance system evaluation, hypertension, Sheger City, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>','51','2024-12-02 18:25:12','2024-12-02 18:25:12'),(43,18,'<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Authors</strong>: Seid M. Seid&nbsp;<strong>1</strong>, Z. Alamrew&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>2</strong>, E. Mellese. <strong>3</strong> B. Eskindir 4, S. Abdella.5&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Affiliation(s) and email of each author</strong>:&nbsp;</p><p>1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Principal Investigator from Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program HIV track cohort 2: mohammedseid6224@gmail.com&nbsp;</p><p>2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Co-Authors from Bahir Dar University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics: kzolam@gmail.com&nbsp;</p><p>3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Co-Author from Bahir Dar University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics: <a href=\"mailto:muhammedergoye8@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">muhammedergoye8@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p><p>4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Co-Author from Ministry of Health, CDC:&nbsp; vey0@cdc.gov&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Co-author from Ethiopia public health institute: helen_saro@yahoo.com&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Acceptance of Index Case HIV Testing and its Associated Factors Among HIV/AIDS Clients on ART Follow-up in Bati Town, North East Ethiopia, in Public Health Facility 2024.</strong></p>','<p>Background:<strong>&nbsp;</strong>Human immune Virus is a global public health threat, with 39 million people living with the virus in 2022, with 14% unaware and needing HIV testing. Index case testing enhances HIV testing by increasing positivity yields in HIV-infected individuals, especially newly diagnosed or virally unsuppressed, and improving preventive treatment adoption among HIV-negative contacts. Therefore, the study is needed to estimate the proportion of index case testing among HIV patients and the factors influencing their uptake of index case HIV testing services, but the proportion of acceptance of index case HIV testing is unknown.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Methods:<strong>&nbsp;</strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on the acceptance of index case testing among 415 HIV patients in 2024. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Epi Data version 4.6.6 and SPSS version 27. Factors associated with index case HIV testing acceptance were identified using bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression, with the fitness of the model evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Results: The overall proportion of acceptance of index cases of HIV testing was 84.1% (95% CI= 80.7-87.5). The odds of index cases of HIV testing who were counseled to bring their families (AOR=5.2,95% CI,1.6-16.7), trusted ART staff (AOR=8.0,95% CI,3.4-18.8), stay on ART service greater than one year (AOR=2.7,95% CI,1.1-6.7), disclosed their status,(AOR=4.5,95% CI,2.1-9.4), had children (AOR=3.4, 95% CI,1.6-7.3), and had good knowledge (AOR= 5.0, 95% CI,1.1-23.8) were significantly associated with acceptance of index case HIV testing.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Conclusion<strong>&nbsp;and remembration: The</strong>&nbsp;overall proportion of acceptance of index-case HIV testing was low. Counseling, trust in ART staff, longer service duration, disclosure, having children, and good knowledge were significantly associated with index case HIV testing. Therefore, healthcare providers should prioritize counseling, promote disclosure, and enhance confidentiality to increase HIV testing uptake among index cases.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Key<strong> </strong>Words<strong>: I</strong>ndex Case Testing, HIV, Bati, Ethiopia.</p>','55','2024-12-02 19:14:49','2024-12-09 13:36:00'),(44,17,'<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Authors</strong>: Seid M. Seid 1, Z. Aamrew 2, M. Abduwahab 3&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Affiliation(s) and email of each author</strong>:&nbsp;</p><p>1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Principal Investigator from Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program HIV track cohort 8: mohammedseid6224@gmail.com&nbsp;</p><p>2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Co-Authors from Bahir Dar University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics: kzolam@gmail.com&nbsp;</p><p>3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Co-Author from Kemissie town health office: <a href=\"mailto:mohammedadulwehab2@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mohammedadulwehab2@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Pertussis Outbreak Investigation in Mahal Saynt District, South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2023.&nbsp;</strong></p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Background:</strong> Pertussis is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It remains the leading cause of global public health problems. This investigation aimed to identify risk factors associated with the Pertussis outbreak and implement pertussis prevention and control measures.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A study was conducted on 105 suspected pertussis cases and 215 controls from November 21–30, 2022. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Factors associated with pertussis outbreak were identified using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression. The model\'s fitness was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: From August 18 to September 29, 2022, 105 pertussis cases were identified in the Mahal Saynt district, with nine cases collecting nasopharyngeal swab samples for laboratory confirmation. Three (33.33%) positive polymerase chain reactions for Bordetella pertussis were identified. The overall pertussis attack rate was 7.54, and the 9.5/1000 population case fatality rate Being unaware of the mode of transmission (AOR=5.08, 95% CI: 5.08(2.55-10.13), having close contact with pertussis cases (AOR=2.89, 95% CI: 2.89(1.29-6.44), being unvaccinated (AOR=2.49, 95% CI: 2.49(1.18- 4.83), being male (AOR=1.869, 95% CI: 1.869 (1.04-3.36), people had family size 4-6 (AOR= 2.11, 95% CI: 2.11(1.06-4.21), people had greater than or equal to seven (AOR=4.18, 95% CI: 4.18(1.46-11.97), households were far from health facilities greater than 5 Kilo Meters (AOR=4.55, 95% CI: 4.55(1.24-16.79) were also a significant risk factor of a pertussis outbreak.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation</strong>: The study found risk factors for pertussis infection include contact with cases, being unvaccinated, distance from health facilities, unawareness of transmission mode, and having seven or more households. The Mahal Saynt district health office, cluster health center, and health post should enhance vaccine management, and vaccination coverage, and raise vaccination awareness.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Key words: Bordetella Pertussis, Outbreak, Mahal Saynt, South Wollo.</p>','55','2024-12-02 19:24:38','2024-12-09 13:38:13'),(45,20,'<p>S. G. Nigatu<strong>3</strong>, T. T. Geremew<strong>2</strong>, A. A. Berneh<strong>2</strong>, M. F. Andargie<strong>3, </strong>D. F. Teshome<strong>3</strong></p><p>1Field Epidemiology and Laboratory training program current trainee at University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>2Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</p><p>3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p>','<p>A Four-Year Surveillance Data Analysis Shows a Rapid Rise in Diabetes Cases</p>','<p><strong><em>Background</em></strong><strong>: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels that has been escalating globally at an alarming rate. Despite the growing concern, there has been a paucity of data on the incidence of diabetes in Ethiopia, particularly in the Awi Zone. A timely data analysis and synthesis is crucial for designing effective interventions and formulating policies to address this emerging health crisis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the epidemiology and trends of diabetes using four years of surveillance data on diabetes patients in the Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.</p>','<p><strong><em>Methods</em></strong><strong>: </strong>A repeated cross-sectional study was employed to analyze four years (2019/20 to 2022/23) diabetes surveillance data in the Awi Zone, northwest Ethiopia. Secondary data was extracted from monthly government health facilities report, non-communicable disease surveillance reports, and the Demographic Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) database. The trends in diabetes patients were analyzed using time series analysis techniques to identify patterns and trends over the study period.</p>','<p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><strong>: </strong>Among 356,775 screened outpatient attendants, 9728 were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, resulting in a period prevalence of 2.7%. It accounts for 0.13% of the 7638328 health facility visitors over the study period. Of these patients, 7,447 (78%) had type II diabetes mellitus. More than half, 5447 (56%) of all DM cases were males, and the majority of the diabetes patients, 7,036 (72.6%), were over the age of 30 years. Overall, the diabetes mellitus trend increased from 0.2% to 0.7% during the four years.</p>','<p><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><strong>: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is increasing alarmingly in the Awi Zone of Northwest Ethiopia. Further screening efforts and comprehensive studies are necessary to identify risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus in this region.</p>','<p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Diabetes Mellitus, Surveillance, Non-communicable Diseases, Ethiopia</em></p>','56','2024-12-02 19:45:30','2024-12-03 17:27:05'),(46,18,'<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Seid M. Seid 1, Z. Alamrew 2, M. Abdlwehab 3, B. Esindir 4, S. Abbdella 5&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Affiliation(s) and email of each author</strong>:&nbsp;</p><p>1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Principal Investigator from Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program HIV track cohort 2: mohammedseid6224@gmail.com&nbsp;</p><p>2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Co-Authors from Bahir Dar University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics: kzolam@gmail.com&nbsp;</p><p>3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Co-Author from Kemissie town health office: <a href=\"mailto:mohammedadulwehab2@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mohammedadulwehab2@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p><p>4.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Co-Author from Ministry of Health, CDC:&nbsp; vey0@cdc.gov&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>5. Co-author from Ethiopia Public Health Institute: helen_saro@yahoo.com.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>HIV Case-Based Surveillance System Evaluation of South Wollo Zonal Health Department, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2023</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Background:</strong> HIV case-based surveillance is the systematic ongoing individual-level data collecting and reporting of newly identified HIV cases and their sentinel events. Surveillance system evaluation aimed to evaluate the existing HIV Case-based surveillance system of South Wollo Zonal Health Department from March 10-30,2023 to contribute to its improvement.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 10- 30, 2023 among selected facilities, districts, and the south wollo zone health department. Four districts were selected randomly by lottery method from those implementing HIV case-based surveillance within the zone. We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance Systems. Descriptive statistics was summarized by frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation of the variables and was presented by tables, figures and text.&nbsp; &nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> 186 new HIV cases were reported by using case-based surveillance from 132 newly HIV-positive recency test-eligible clients; 80 (60.6%) were tested, and the test showed that 18 (22.5%) of them were recent infections and 62 (77.5%) were long-term infections. We found HIV case-based surveillance system acceptability 6 (100%), timeliness (68%), representativeness (76.9%), usefulness of data for decision-making (4 or 66%), and simplicity 23 (95.83%).&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> We identified the representativeness of HIV case-based surveillance from public health facilities in which Anti-Retroviral Therapy was good but the non-inclusion of facilities that were not Anti-Retroviral Therapy sites and private health facilities to participate in the HIV surveillance system. We recommended that the utilization of HIV case-based surveillance data should strengthen for decision-making at the site level and above the site level.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>HIV case-based surveillance, Surveillance System Evaluation, South Wollo.&nbsp;</p>','55','2024-12-02 19:49:09','2024-12-09 13:41:36'),(47,16,'<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Authors</strong>: Seid M. Seid 1, Z. Alamrew&nbsp;<strong>2</strong>, M.Abdulwehab. <strong>3</strong>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Affiliation(s) and email of each author</strong>:&nbsp;</p><p>1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Principal Investigator from Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program HIV track cohort 2: mohammedseid6224@gmail.com&nbsp;</p><p>2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Co-Authors from Bahir Dar University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics: kzolam@gmail.com&nbsp;</p><p>3. Co-Author from Kemissie town health office: <a href=\"mailto:mohammedadulwehab2@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mohammedadulwehab2@gmail.com</span></a>.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Narrative Summary of Rapid Need Assessment in Internally Displaced Person (IDP) Sites in Sekota Town, Waghmra Zone, Ethiopia, 2023.</strong>&nbsp;</p><p><br></p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Background:<strong>&nbsp;</strong>Internally displaced persons forced to flee their homes due to conflict, violence, human rights violations, or disasters accounted for 85% of 2021\'s displacements across 149 countries. The top three countries with the largest displacements in 2020 were the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Syria, and Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This need assessment was conducted from May 22 to June 5, 2022. A collection tool was adopted from the World Vision rapid needs assessment tool and a previously published similar study. We used three methods to gather data concerning the internally displaced person situation Focus group discussion, Key Informant Interviews, and Observation checklist in each temporary camp. Descriptive statistics was summarized by frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation of the variables and was presented by tables, figures, and text.&nbsp; &nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In the Waghmra zone, there were a total of 88,565 individuals from five districts and 33 Kebeles, with 21,590 households of internally displaced persons living at the temporary place. Among those populations, 45,955 (52%) were male and 42,602 (48%) were female. Of the total internally displaced persons 71,602 (81%) are living in the host community, and 16,3795 (19%) are in three collective sites.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Internally displaced persons residing in these sites are prone to disease outbreaks due to overcrowding Internally displaced person sites, lack of safe water supply, and low coverage of children’s vaccination. The major causes of morbidity among displaced populations were malnutrition and diarrhea, which were related to a shortage of diversified food, safe water, hygiene, and sanitation. We recommend that to prevent overcrowding by preparing additional tents with stakeholders\' communication, strengthening the Expanded Immunization Program for ages under 5 years, and giving special attention to Water, sanitation, and hygiene.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Key Words: Rapid</strong>&nbsp;Need Assessment, Waghmra, Internally Displaced Person, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','55','2024-12-02 19:59:17','2024-12-09 13:42:55'),(48,21,'<p><strong>Author: </strong>Ashenafi A. Teklay</p><p><strong>email:</strong> ashenafiteklay17@gmail.com&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Phone number:</strong> +251931100807</p>','<p><strong>Trends in Status, Screening coverage and Treatment outcomes of Severe acute malnutrition among children under five years old in Tigray Region, Ethiopia from 2015-2020</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong> Malnutrition is a major global health problem, particularly affecting children under five years of age. In Ethiopia’s Tigray region, severe acute malnutrition contributes significantly to children morbidity and mortality. This study analyzed severe acute malnutrition trends, screening coverage and treatment outcomes among children under five in Tigray from 2015 to 2020, using secondary data from the health management information system to guide future health interventions.</p>','<p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary data analysis was employed, analyzing data obtained from the health management information system. Proportion, rate and ratio of descriptive statistics were used to evaluate severe acute malnutrition trend analysis conducted, screening coverage and treatment outcomes comparing results with sphere standards. The data were analyzed using Microsoft excel, and results were summarized as proportions, rates and ratio then presented in text, tables and figures.</p>','<p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed proportions of Global acute malnutrition, peaking at 50.9% in 2020 and the lowest 18.8% in 2015, while recovery rates for severe acute malnutrition consistently exceeded, averaging between 78% and 82% and death rate consistently below 2.5%. After first increasing to 67.9% in 2017, screening coverage declined to 62.5%, 54.4%, and 58.2% in 2018 and 2020, respectively. There were clear geographical differences, especially in the central and northwest regions, where the greatest rates of malnutrition were found.</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings underscore the high proportion of severe acute malnutrition, it reached its highest point in 2020 at 50.9%, accompanied with acceptable recovery rates that surpassed Sphere standards (78–82%) and a death rate below 2.5%. However, critical gaps in screening coverage and untreated cases indicate a need for improved healthcare access and community-based interventions. Addressing geographical disparities with targeted, zone-specific strategies is vital for conducting severe malnutrition and enhancing outcomes across the region.</p>','<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Severe acute malnutrition, Screening coverage, Treatment outcomes, malnutrition trends, Tigray, Ethiopia.</p>','57','2024-12-03 06:15:29','2024-12-03 06:15:29'),(49,21,'<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Adebabay D. Manchilo<strong>1*,</strong> Solomon G. Nigatu<strong>2</strong>, Mesafint F. Andargie<strong>3</strong>, Achenef A.Muche<strong>2</strong>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Authors Affiliation:</strong></p><p>1Field Epidemiology and Laboratory training program current trainee at University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>3Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (EFELTP) Resident Advisor (RA) at the University of Gondar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Email:</strong></p><p>AD: <a href=\"mailto:adebabaydessie609@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">adebabaydessie609@gmail.com</span></a> (First and presenting author, Male)&nbsp;</p><p>SGN:<a href=\"mailto:sol.gondar@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">sol.gondar@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p><p><em>MFA: </em><a href=\"mailto:mesaykira@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mesaykira@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p><p>AAM: <a href=\"mailto:ashua2014@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ashua2014@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p><p>*<strong>Corresponding author:</strong></p><p>Adebabay Dessie Manchilo&nbsp;</p><p><a href=\"mailto:Email:%20adebabaydessie609@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Email: adebabaydessie609@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p><p>Cell phone, +251919268393/+251923080882&nbsp;</p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Evaluation of Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response System Performance in Misrak Belessa District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2024</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Background:</strong> Maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR) is essential for enhancing maternal and new-born healthcare outcomes. While Ethiopia has implemented MPDSR systems, their effectiveness at the district level remains underexplored. This study evaluates the performance of the MPDSR system, focusing on core activities, supportive functions, and system attributes in the Misrak Belessa district, Northwest Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Method:&nbsp;A facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1–10, 2024, using a mixed-method approach that combined quantitative and qualitative data. Twelve reporting units (including a district health office, three health centers, one hospital, and seven health posts) were selected through simple random sampling, while 17 key informants were chosen via purposive sampling for qualitative insights. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire aligned with national MPDSR and CDC guidelines, supplemented by document reviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010, and qualitative data was themed, analyzed manually, and triangulated with quantitative results. Finally, the results are presented with texts, tables, and figures.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Result:&nbsp;In total, 4 maternal deaths and 6 perinatal deaths were reported in 2024, resulting in a maternal mortality ratio of 275.67/100,000 live births and a perinatal mortality rate of 4.06/1000 births. Most health professionals (82.3%) found the system useful and simple, with 100% believing it meets user demands. However, only 71% had a positive attitude towards its acceptability. The surveillance system was well integrated into routine healthcare, achieving report completeness of 88% and timeliness of 66.7%.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Conclusion:<strong>&nbsp;</strong>The MPDSR system in Misrak Belessa district demonstrated effectiveness in usefulness, simplicity, and acceptability but showed weaknesses in timeliness and completeness. Recommendations include enhancing data analysis, implementing epidemiological bulletins, building capacity, and improving supervision and feedback mechanisms<strong>.</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>maternal death, perinatal death, surveillance, Misrak Belessa, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','38','2024-12-03 12:33:07','2024-12-03 12:33:07'),(50,18,'<p> S. G. Nigatu<strong>3,</strong>T. T. Geremew<strong>2</strong>, A. A. Berneh<strong>2</strong>, M. F. Andargie<strong>3,</strong> D. F. Teshome<strong>3</strong></p><p>1Field Epidemiology and Laboratory training program current trainee at University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>2Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</p><p>3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p>','<p>Improving Tuberculosis Case Detection in Dangila District, Ethiopia</p>','<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern, with early detection being critical for effective treatment and control. The tuberculosis case detection rate measures the percentage of newly detected TB cases, including relapses, against the estimated number of cases in a given area. This study was aimed to assesses the Tuberculosis case detection rate in different clusters, highlighting variations and the distribution of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Dangila District, Northwest Ethiopia 2022.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Method</strong>: A descriptive study was conducted using routine health service data from Dangila District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.&nbsp; The TB case detection rate was calculated by dividing the number of newly detected TB cases (including relapses) by the estimated number of TB cases for the area within a specified time frame. Data on the distribution of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB cases were also analyzed.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall TB case detection rate was 26%, with significant variation across clusters. The lowest detection rate was observed in Chara and Gumdri clusters (19%), while Gissa cluster had the highest rate (44%). Of the total 57 notified TB cases, 61% were extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, and 16% were smear-positive, bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis cases in 2022 fiscal year.</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study found low TB case detection rates, with variations across clusters and a predominance of extra-pulmonary TB cases, highlighting challenges in detecting pulmonary TB. To address this, efforts focus on strengthening detection in low-performing clusters like Chara and Gumdri, improving diagnostics, raising community awareness, and ensuring timely treatment to enhance TB control and outcomes in this area is recommended.</p>','<p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Tuberculosis, case detection, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, Ethiopia</em></p>','56','2024-12-03 17:14:07','2024-12-03 17:26:28'),(51,16,'<p><em>Eshetie A. Tsega1*, A. M. Lakew2, M. Fekadu2, G. Zeru3, H. Alebachew3, E. G. Zeleke2</em></p><p>1Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program current trainee at University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>3Amhara Public Health Institute</p>','<p><strong>The Rising Malaria Trend against the Malaria Elimination Strategy in Northwest Ethiopia.</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong> Malaria is one of the major public health problems worldwide particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia. It is among top ten disease in West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. Malaria is under surveillance due to its public health importance. Ethiopian government has considered surveillance system as one of the core interventions in malaria elimination strategy and has been working to do so. However, the burden is increasing alarmingly. Therefore, this data analysis report aimed to assess the burden of malaria disease, its trend and distribution with place and person.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> The analysis was done using routine malaria routine surveillance data collected from July 2017 to June 2023. The data were extracted from West Gojjam zone health department Public Health Emergency Management (PHEM) data-base using extraction tool. Data were entered, cleaned and analyzed by STATA version 14 and Microsoft Excel-2010. The distribution of malaria was described by person, place and time.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 332,341 malaria cases were reported from July 2017 to June 2023; and 231,837 (70%) was Plasmodium Falciparum (PF). The overall incidence rate of malaria was 20 per 1000 population. The annual malaria incidence rate was; 9, 15, 20, 16, 22, and 39 per 1000 population in 2017/18, 2018/19, 2019/20, 2020/21 and 2022/23 respectively. The 2022/23 incidence rate was fourfold of the (2017/18) incidence rate. One in four (25%) of all malaria cases were from Bahr Dar Zuria District. Among all cases, 45,597 (14%) were children under five years of age.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Malaria trend is increasing over time. It occurs in the form of outbreak. Emphasis shall be given for controlling strategy along with elimination strategy. It is better to target districts with high malaria incidence rate.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Malaria Surveillance, Incidence rate, Trend, Northwest Ethiopia.</em></p>','59','2024-12-03 17:17:23','2024-12-03 17:17:23'),(52,17,'<p>&nbsp;Gemechu Chemeda,<br>Leta Fikadu,&nbsp;<br>Getahun Ali&nbsp;<br>Gnikew Gilo</p>','<p><strong>Measles Outbreak Investigation.</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>Measles continues to be a significant public health issue in numerous developing nations where vaccination rates are inadequate, as observed in the Ethiopia [1]. In the early 2000s, a surveillance system was initiated in the country, and samples from suspected cases are routinely analyzed in the laboratory for serological verification [2]. Since 2007, when individual case monitoring with standardized laboratory databases and surveillance was established, no evaluations have been conducted [2]. Therefore, after 5 years, it appeared timely to conduct an initial evaluation. The purpose of the study presented here was to outline the epidemiology of measles on surveillance and laboratory findings.</p>','<p>A descriptive retrospective study was carried out, relying on the databases from the measles surveillance program and from the Institution Pasteur laboratory in Refugee Camp Itang Special District, Gambella region Southwest Ethiopia during the timeframe of 2018-2023.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Throughout this study period, the surveillance program reported 48 cases. Among these, 32(67) were forwarded for laboratory confirmation, and 16% (5/32) were confirmed serologically. Of the 37 incidents of measles reported during this time by the surveillance program, 11(29.7%) were validated clinically or through epidemiological linkage. The majority of confirmed cases (67%) were observed in children below five years, being aged 1-4 years. Epidemic occurrences were noted consistently between 2018 and 2023, with &gt; 10% of laboratory-confirmed cases. The rate of laboratory investigations was &lt; 70% from 2018 to 2023 but approached nearly 80 % in the other years.</p>','<p>Measles persists as a prevalent, endemic disease in the refugee Camps Itang special district in Gambella Region Southwest Ethiopia. Enhanced detection will necessitate improved measles surveillance, elevated vaccination rates, modification of the investigation forms to incorporate the WHO case definition, and training of healthcare personnel engaged in field case identification.</p>','<p>Measles, outbreak, case control in Refugee Itang special woreda southwest Ethiopia .</p><p><br><br></p>','54','2024-12-03 17:56:34','2024-12-06 12:53:35'),(53,16,'<p><em>Eshetie A. Tsega1*, A. M. Lakew2, M. Fekadu2, H. Alebachew3, E. G. Zeleke2</em></p><p><strong>Authors’ affiliation:&nbsp;</strong></p><p>1Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program current trainee at University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>3Amhara Public Health Institute</p><p><br></p>','<p><strong>Cholera Outbreak Investigation and Control, at Andasa Holy Water, Northwest Ethiopia.</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background</strong>: Cholera is an acute watery diarrheal disease caused by a bacteria called Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted by fecal-oral route. It is a global public health threat. If left untreated, the fatality rate can range from 35% to 50%. However, with prompt treatment it is below 1%. A single confirmed case is enough to declare the outbreak. Cholera is a challenge in Bahir Dar Zuria district. However, the risk factors were not understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify risk factors and control the outbreak.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> Unmatched case control study was conducted at Andasa holy water, Bahir Dar Zuria district, Northwest Ethiopia,2024. Case definition adapted from Public Health Emergency Management guideline was used. The first case was notified on May 2/2024 and confirmed by culture. Active and passive surveillances were used to detect further cases. All cases (119) registered from May 02 to June 23/2024 and 238 controls selected randomly were included. Data were collected by interviewer administered questionnaire. Data were entered using Epi-Data and analyzed by STATA v-17. Binary logistic regression was fitted.</p>','<p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 119 cases and 238 controls were included. The attack rate and case fatality rates were 14.6% and 0.8% respectively. Hand washing before food preparation (AOR=0.22, 95%CI=0.09-0.53), hand washing after toilet use (AOR=0.20, 95%CI=0.08-0.48), treating water at home (AOR=0.29, 95%CI=0.13-0.60) and eating foods immediately after cooked (AOR=0.16, 95%CI=0.08-0.32) were protective factors against cholera. Whereas, close contact history with cholera cases (AOR=3.19, 95%CI=1.52-6.71) was a risk factor.</p>','<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Hand washing before food preparation and after toilet use, treating water and eating foods immediately after cooked were protective factors. Hence, adequate and quality water supply to the holy water shall be improved. Holy water attendants shall be promoted to wash their hands in critical time and to treat water before consuming.</p>','<p><strong>Key words:</strong>&nbsp; Cholera Outbreak, Andasa-Holy water, Handwashing, Northwest Ethiopia.</p>','59','2024-12-03 19:19:13','2024-12-03 19:21:05'),(54,22,'<p>Zeleke Mekonnen2, Tesfaye S. Tessema3, Dawit H. Alemayehu4, Etsehiwot Adamu5, Kalkidan Melaku4, Maeruf F. Nassir4; Abaysew Ayele4, Adane Mihret4, Getenet Beyene2</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>2School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institution of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>3Institution of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>4Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>5Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p>','<p>Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance features of <em>shigella</em> species among under-five children with acute diarrhea in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','<p>Shigellosis is an acute gastroenteritis infection and one of Ethiopia\'s most common causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in children under five. High resistance rates to commonly used antibiotic agents have been documented in different locations in Ethiopia. This study aims to characterize genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance features of <em>Shigella</em> species among under-five children with acute diarrhea in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Using a cross-sectional study, freshly passed fecal specimens were collected for bacterial isolation. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AMST) was conducted using the disk diffusion method. Illumina NextSeq550 (Illumina, Singapore) 300-cycle kit produced paired-end 149bp long reads in whole genome sequencing (WGS). The raw reads were quality-filtered and trimmed, and a minimum length of 50bp was retained and taxonomically classified using MiniKraken version 1. The data were aligned with Antibiotic Resistance Gene (ARG) sequences of the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) by Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI). Plasmids were analyzed using Mykrobe. Additionally, AMR and virulence genes were screened at the Centre for Genomic Epidemiology (CGE) web-based server.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Among the 534 stool-cultured specimens, 47 (8.8%) were positive for <em>Shigella</em> species. More than 50 % of the isolates were resistant to three and above antibiotics while none of them was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. All <em>S. sonnei</em> isolates in our investigation contained genes encoding <em>blaEC-8 </em>and<em> blaZEG-1</em>. The study also identified genes that conferred resistance to trimethoprim (<em>dfrA</em>). All isolates were sensitive to norfloxacin and 60.7% of the isolates were phenotypically sensitive to cefoxitin among the <em>blaEC-8</em> genes detected in the genotyping analysis, whereas all isolates were completely resistant to amoxicillin and erythromycin phenotypically. Nine serological <em>S. flexneri</em> were <em>E. coliO37:H10</em> and the phenotypic and genotypic AMR data corresponded well for amoxicillin and ampicillin only, across susceptibility profiles. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) <em>blaEC-15</em> for cephalosporins, <em>blaMIX-2</em>, and <em>blaMIX-6</em> for penicillins were detected in <em>E. coliO37:H10</em>. The most common plasmid type in <em>E. coliO37:H10 </em>isolates unlike <em>S. sonnei</em> was <em>IncFII</em> and virulence genes such as <em>gad</em> were frequently detected.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The high levels of antibiotic resistance observed among the commonly prescribed antibiotics are alarming. The emerging resistance to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid signals a severe public health threat in the management of shigellosis. The study identified high discrepancy drug resistance between phenotype and genotype and varied in phylogenetic relationships with global isolates. Raising awareness about resistance and educating health professionals, policymakers and the public can help improve patient care quality and rational antibiotic use.&nbsp;</p>','<p><em>Shigella </em>species; AMR; <em>WGS</em>; Addis Ababa&nbsp;</p>','60','2024-12-03 19:48:36','2024-12-03 19:48:36'),(55,18,'<p>Mesafint M. Demlew1* N. M. Derseh<strong>2</strong>, M. F. Andargie<strong>2</strong>, A.A. Muche<strong>2</strong></p><p>1Field Epidemiology and Laboratory training program current trainee at University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p>','<p><strong>Analysis of Five Years of HIV Surveillance Data&nbsp; – Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong> Globally, over 85.6 million people have been infected with HIV since the beginning of the epidemic. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for nearly two-thirds of the global HIV burden. Despite significant efforts to reduce HIV morbidity and mortality, new infections continue to pose a major public health challenge. HIV surveillance is crucial for understanding trends, identifying hotspot areas, and targeting interventions towards affected population groups. This study aims to estimate the HIV burden in terms of person, place, and time in the Awi Zone.</p>','<p><strong>Method: </strong>An Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 25-July 23/2023. Awi Zone was selected purposively for HIV surveillance data analysis and semi-structured questionnaire was used to extract data from Awi Zone DHIS2 and PHEM reports. Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed by Microsoft excel 2010 &amp; SPSS and the findings were presented using frequency, percentage, graphs, tables, and texts.</p>','<p><strong>Result: </strong>Out of 490,777 individuals tested for HIV, 2065 (0.42%) HIV positive cases were reported from 2019 to 2023. Of the total screened, 338145(68.9%) were females. The overall positivity rate of HIV b/n 2019 and 2023 was 2065(0.42%), while the HIV positivity rate among males (0.46%) was slightly higher than females (0.40%).&nbsp; Test positivity was higher in Injibara Town 505 (0.85%) followed by Dangla Town 344 (0.83%). Test positivity for HIV among Key population groups was higher for Female sexual workers 444 (2.5%). HIV positivity for STI clients were 112(0.57%).</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Awi Zone, HIV cases were more prevalent in urban areas, with female sex workers (FSWs) showing the highest test positivity among key population groups. The second 95% HIV target was achieved, but special attention is needed to reach the first 95% target, particularly in testing urban residents and key population groups.</p>','<p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>HIV, Public health surveillance , Analysis, Ethiopia</em></p>','61','2024-12-04 09:46:28','2024-12-04 09:46:28'),(56,16,'<p>Habtamu M. Ayele2, Eyob H. Kebede3, Abdulnasir Abagaro4, Awgichew Kifle4 Aklesiya K. Fikadu1</p><p>Affiliation:&nbsp;</p><p>1 Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p><p>2 Maternal and Child Health Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>3 Bonga University, Bonga, Ethiopia</p><p>4 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>Main Author*: Fitsum H. Habtemichael (FH*)</p><p>Email: <a href=\"mailto:fitsumatiru@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">fitsumatiru@gmail.com</span></a> : Phone:+251913094553</p><p>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p>Authors email: 2<a href=\"mailto:habtamumolla044@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">habtamumolla044@gmail.com</span></a>, 3<a href=\"mailto:eyobaldtg@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">eyobaldtg@gmail.com</span></a>, <a href=\"mailto:4adlnsr@yahoo.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">4adlnsr@yahoo.com</span></a>, <a href=\"mailto:5awgistat@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">5awgistat@gmail.com</span></a> ,<strong> 6</strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">aklesiyakassahun@gmail.com</span><strong>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></p>','<p><strong>Cholera outbreak and associated risk factors in Dollo Ado District, Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study, 2023</strong></p>','<p>Cholera, caused by <em>Vibrio cholerae</em> O1 or O139, remains a global public health challenge. Ethiopia faces significant outbreaks due to limited access to safe water and sanitation. Dollo Ado District, is vulnerable to endemic areas, water scarcity, and population displacements. This study investigated a cholera outbreak in Dollo Ado, examining risk factors and proposing control strategies.</p>','<p>A suspected case was classified as the occurrence of acute watery diarrhoea among residents of Dollo Ado District, aged 5 or older between February 2, 2023 and March 11, 2023. A confirmed case was a suspected case with <em>V. cholerae</em> detected in the case\'s stool sample. An investigation of the outbreak was conducted; cases were described and the environment was assessed for potential sources of contamination and an (1:2) unmatched case-control study conducted in Suftu Kebele, which served as the epi center of the outbreak. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for cholera infection.</p>','<p>Ninety-two cases (66 males, 26 females) were identified, with four fatalities (4.3%). Males had a higher attack rate (2.4 per 1,000) than females (1.6 per 1,000). Suftu Kebele was the most affected area (AR=41 per 1,000). The outbreak began after an individual returned from cholera-affected Mandera, Kenya, on February 2, 2023. The Dawa River, used for drinking and domestic purposes, was a major source of contamination due to open defecation and other activities. Using untreated river water significantly increased cholera risk (AOR = 20, 95% CI 5.2-73).</p>','<p>The outbreak is likely imported from Kenya Mandera town and a suspected index case whose source of infection, and it spread through the contamination of river water, used and consumed by Kebele members. The outbreak was contained within a week by implementing control measures, including prohibiting the use of river water and activities that contaminate it.</p>','<p>Cholera outbreak, Vibrio cholerae, Dollo Ado district, Somali Region, Ethiopia &nbsp;</p>','62','2024-12-04 12:06:38','2024-12-04 12:07:16'),(57,24,'<p>Author1 Eyob Esatu</p><p>Organization For Innovation and Sustainable Development Africa, Executive Director, AM Public Policies Studies</p><p>Dr. Yoseph Halala</p><p>Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopian Public Health Institute Consultant, Public Health Innovations</p>','<p>Novel Innovations Transforming the Ethiopian Public Health Services Delivery Quality and Resilience to Health Outcomes</p>','<p>The Ethiopian FMoH partnered with the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) to identify opportunities for improvement of</p><p>healthcare quality in the country. Through this landscape analysis,bottlenecks to improving healthcare quality in Ethiopia were found to include inadequacies in access to care, data generation and use, excessive focus on quality assurance, oversight of quality improvement initiatives, communication across the levels of care, monitoring and evaluation, healthcare personnel skills development and poor coordination across initiatives. The FMoH and IHI co-designed Ethiopia Health Care Quality Initiative as an approach to accelerate health system improvement across the country has been implemented since 2016. This study analysis the public health outcome of the services quality and its impact on the general healthcare services improvement.</p>','<p>We designed a three-pronged, multi-level approach for the health quality that, anchored in the Juran Trilogy of quality planning, quality assurance and quality control, was intended to ensure large-scale implementation and sustainability of effective quality improvement efforts. The components of the initiative were as follows:. Development of a National Healthcare Quality Strategy (NHQS)to establish the vision and governance structures required to achieve a quality health system;. Building of QI capability at all levels of the health system (federal,regional, zonal, woreda/district, and health facility levels) to&nbsp; &nbsp;activate the newly developed quality governance structures and help institutionalize a culture of continuous QI in Ethiopia and3. Design and implementation of maternal and newborn health(MNH) collaborative to demonstrate the translation of th equality governance structures and capability-building efforts into improvements in quality in a priority focus area of the FMoH. The MNH collaborations were designed to improve the quality of routine antenatal, delivery and postnatal care; improve management of leading causes of maternal and neonatal mortality and improve service utilization through stronger community engagement and referral networks. The collaborative design an adaptation of IHI’s Breakthrough Series model&nbsp; and the Model for Improvement framework helps to generate ideas during collaborative learning sessions (intermittent face-to-face meeting of facility teams and leaders to learn QI methods, share resultsand experiences and plan implementation), some of which are subsequently tested and ultimately implemented in health facilities.We hypothesized that these improvements would reduce facility-based maternal and neonatal mortality by at least 30% over the3-year implementation period.With full national scale in mind from the outset, the woreda (district) is chosen as the ‘scalable unit’ (a representative sub-unit of the health system targeted for full scale-up)for the collaborative innovation. This unit includes a primary hospital, linked to referring nurse-led health centers and linked to Health Extension Worker (HEW)-staffed health posts, which serve as the front lines with communities.Phased design for scale. The approach was implemented in two phases—a ‘prototype’ phase and a ‘test-of-scale (TOS)’ phase—aligned with the Ethiopian health-care tier system and grounded in IHI’s framework for large- scale. A third phase (full scale) is being planned by the FMoH. The objectives of the prototype phase were to understand the most successful implementation ideas for change and the health system attributes that influence the performance of the system. The out put of the prototype phase was the development of a change package—a set of locally developed change ideas with measurable impact for improvement of MNH. There were five prototype collaboratives,selected in consultation with the FMoH and Regional Health Bureaus(RHBs), with one in each of four agrarian regions (Amhara; Oromia;Southern Ethiopia Region, and Tigray) and one in the pastoralist region of Afar. During the prototype phase, IHI Senior Project Officers, in partnership with the woreda health office, led the learning sessions and facility coaching visits.These officers were nurses or nurse midwives trained in health service quality and coaching techniques as part of their on boarding. After refining the intervention approach during prototype and building will across the region, the project transitioned to the TOSphase, which aims to assess the effectiveness of the change package developed during the prototype phase in a much larger and more diverse set of woredas and to test the feasibility of the approach within the existing system. In this phase, learning sessions are integrated into woreda review meetings, facilitation and coaching are led by woreda-based coaching teams and QI capability building is led byRHB quality unit trainers. Learnings from the prototype and TOS phases will inform the planned national scale-up, which will be entirely country-led to ensure the sustainability of the health care service in Ethiopia.</p>','<p>National healthcare quality strategy</p><p>The NHQS was developed by the FMoH with support from IHI at the beginning of the initiative, in March 2016. The NHQS identified four strategic focus areas: (i) developing an integrated approach</p><p>to quality management, (ii) igniting consumer demand for quality, (iii) linking UHC strategy with the quality agenda and (iv) strengthening data systems and feedback (22). Implementation of the NHQS is underway with the leadership of the FMOH, including creating quality governance structures at all levels, building QI capability and convening annual QI summits to support a QI ‘movement’.</p><p>Building Health Care Services Delivery capability</p><p>The capability is being built through targeted training in essential quality services standards and methods and leadership for different cadres of healthcare providers and administrators across the multiple levels of the health system.To date, two intensive 10-month Improvement Advisor professional development programs have been held to provide high-level theoretical and practical training in QI for 33 FMoH and regional-level staff who will be leading QI management in Ethiopia after the project. In addition, the IHI QI Leadership and Management program was used more broadly to train 212 woreda, regional and national managers to lead and manage the QI work that was unfolding in the woredas. As champions—individuals who showed</p><p>leadership and commitment to continuous QI—were developed, IHI worked together with the FMoH and partners to develop context- relevant and nationally owned QI trainer and participant manuals for Trainer-of-Trainers (TOT) and basic-level QI courses. IHI supported the first TOT with the FMoH in January 2018, which produced 24 federal- and RHB-level trainers. These trainers subsequently led the launch of the TOS collaboratives and provided basic quality services training to 848 participants from TOS collaborative health facilities has brought novel changes in the landscape of health care services innovations to impact.</p><p>Models of collaboration</p><p>Fidelity to implementation design. Between October 2020 and September 2023, four prototype collaboratives were completed in</p><p>Oromia, Tigray, South Ethiopia Region and Amhara. A fifth has been underway in Afar region since March 2018. Overall, the program was implemented as designed, with a few adaptations. First, woreda selection for prototype collaboratives was initially intended to include three geographically distinct woredas (urban, agrarian and pastoralist) in one region. However, a recognition of contextual differences across regions caused us to change the approach to include one prototype collaborative per region across five regions. Second, we expected to find a primary hospital and its referring facilities within one woreda. However, in two regions, the selected catchment area had a semi-urban woreda with its referral hospital situated within a separately administered woreda. We remained consistent with the design principle of structuring collaboratives along the referral system and worked with two woreda health offices in these cases.</p><p>Third, activities in Amhara region had to be delayed for 8 months due to regional security concerns. The prototype collaborative in the pastoralist Afar region was deliberately delayed until enough project experience had been gained in the agrarian communities. Adoption and effectiveness. Participating facilities have been actively engaged in the collaboratives, with all facilities represented in every learning session. Thirty-five QI teams have, on average, met once per month and received 1.6 coaching visits each month, leading to the generation of 102 change ideas that were refined over the action periods using 826 PDSA cycles; 83 of these ideas were included in the final change package (supplemental file).</p><p>Acceptability. The FMoH’s leadership of the health care quality design and implementation process, the leadership of the FMoH in developing QI training materials and the high levels of adoption of the quality planning approach and health care quality assurance activities noted to demonstrate acceptability of the approach. Also, acceptability was demonstrated through the willingness of the FMoH to dedicate full-time employees to the improvement initiative. Acceptability will be more deeply assessed during the TOS, as the entirety of the execution of the QI activities is dependent upon the approach being acceptable to health system actors to further improve the health policy performance of the country.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The design of the EHCQI built upon existing assets and initiatives in Ethiopia to create robust national and regional quality planning that guides district-level system improvement and strengthens quality control. A critical factor in the successful implementation of the prototype phase has been the FMoH’s leadership of the design and implementation at all levels. The impetus for program design came from the FMoH in alignment with the Quality and Equity transformation agenda laid out in Ethiopia’s HSTP. Such high-level investment provides the ideal environment for program implementation as has been advocated since the early days of large-scale QI efforts .</p><p>We have also found that aligning collaborative design with the district-wide system from the start, as was done in a similar large scale improvement initiative in Ghana (24), has been instrumental to the integration of the learning system into existing administrative structures. This not only brings facilities within a referral system but also enhance adaptations of innovations scaled up in all levels of the health facilities.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Novel Innovations, Transforming, Ethiopian, Public ,Health, Services, Delivery Quality</p>','63','2024-12-04 16:10:41','2024-12-04 16:10:41'),(58,16,'<p>Mr&nbsp; Desslang massa&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Scabies outbreak investigation at Atsede school IDP site, shire town, north&nbsp;western zone of Tigray, Ethiopia, 2023 G.c.<br><br></p>','<p>&nbsp;Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the human itch mite. It is&nbsp;<br>transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact and can also be spread through fomites. Scabies is&nbsp;a global public health problem, affecting millions of people, particularly those in low-income&nbsp;settings. The rash and itching caused by scabies can negatively impact quality of life. Scabies&nbsp;<br>outbreaks can be costly to manage and cause discomfort and anxiety for affected individuals and their families.The objective of this study was to describe and identify the source and risk factors of&nbsp; a scabies outbreak in Atsede school IDP site, Shire town, Tigray, Ethiopia in 2023.</p>','<p>This study utilized a descriptive and unmatched case-control study design. The study&nbsp;population included individuals residing in the IDP site. Data was collected through face-to-face&nbsp;<br>interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data was edited and cleaned for inconsistencies and&nbsp;<br>missing values and then entered using EpiData 3.2 and then exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis.<br><br></p>','<p>&nbsp;A total of 117 suspected scabies cases were identified, with attack rate (AR) was 24.8&nbsp;per 1000 populations. The outbreak showed multiple peaks of onset, indicating ongoing&nbsp;<br>transmission. The most affected population were adults in the primary school, and the ulnar&nbsp;<br>border of the hands and intergluteal area were the most commonly affected body parts. Risk factors associated with the outbreak included having a sick person with scabies in the family and&nbsp;<br>wearing clothes of someone from who was diseased in the previous 6 weeks.<br><br></p>','<p>This study highlights the high burden of scabies in the IDP site in Shire town. Early&nbsp;detection, treatment, and prevention measures are essential to control the spread of scabies.&nbsp;<br>Recommendations include implementing routine screening and treatment programs, conducting health education campaigns, improving access to healthcare, and implementing environmental&nbsp;<br>measures.<br><br></p>','<p>&nbsp;Scabies, outbreak, IDP site, risk factors, ,2024</p>','64','2024-12-04 18:33:58','2024-12-05 04:06:45'),(59,16,'<p>Ejigu Gebeye Zeleke, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, institute of public health, College of medicine and health sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, institute of public health, College of medicine and health sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>Mesafnt Fekadu Andargie,&nbsp; Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program Residence Advisory at University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia</p>','<p><strong>Drought in war affected area results a GAM rate of 52% among under five children</strong> <strong>of Telemt district</strong>, <strong>northwest Ethiopia</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>A lengthy time of diminished water typically during the rainy season is defined as a drought. The frequency and intensity of droughts have been increasing globally. In Africa including Ethiopia, food security remains a major challenge. North Gondar zone typically Telemt district is facing many challenges like internal conflict, covid-19, and other natural phenomena. From the various impacts of the drought the health impact is the first issue, and it needs well organize information for sound intervention. This study aimed to describe the existed drought situations and its public health impact in Telemt district north Gondar zone northwest Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Cross-sectional study design was conducted in Telemt district from November 10 to 18, 2023. Semi-structured tool was adopted from previous study and SPHERE standard handbook and data were collected from district health offices, agricultural office and community leaders by interviewing, observations, and discussions. Descriptive analysis was conducted using MS excel.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p>','<p>The district had low vaccine coverage, high dropout rate and topographical challenge so, high risk of epidemic. The GAM rate for age of under five children from May to October 2023 33% to 52%. Most of Kebeles (15) in the district were affected by drought and eight of them were affected by total rain absent. A total of 56629 population (1759 pregnant) were affected by the drought. There were 16 famine related deaths. The average time taking to get water is three hours.</p>','<p>The district is at risk of developing epidemic. Most of Kebeles in the district are affected by the drought. The drought affected high population and resulted with high number of deaths. Water accessibility is too far from the SPHERE standard.&nbsp;</p>','<p><em>Drought, Telemt, north Gondar, Ethiopia</em>&nbsp;</p>','65','2024-12-05 07:23:05','2024-12-05 07:23:05'),(60,18,'<p>Ejigu Gebeye Zeleke, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, institute of public health, College of medicine and health sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>Fantahun Ayenew Mekonen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, institute of public health, College of medicine and health sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>Mesafint Fekadu Andargie ,Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program Residence Advisory at University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia</p>','<p><strong>Comparing ART adherence status and determinants of appointment spacing model users and non-users among adult HIV-patients in north Gondar, Ethiopia</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>Non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment is a public health problem in developing countries. Antiretroviral treatment adherence status of differentiated service delivery is little studied and the difference between appointment spacing model user and non-user is not studied in Ethiopia. The study aimed to assess antiretroviral treatment adherence status and factors among adult HIV-positives of appointment spacing model users and non-user in north Gondar, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to January 2024 in north Gondar, northwest Ethiopia. The participants were selected by simple random sampling. Patients’ self-report data and secondary data from patients’ folder were collected using semi-structured tool. Data were entered into Epi-Data and analyzed using STATA. Variables with p-value ≤0.25 in bi-variable analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regressions. Associations between outcome and predictor variables were measured using AOR with 95% CI and p-value ≤0.05 were considered as significant.&nbsp; &nbsp;</p>','<p>The total respondents were 601 (300 users and 301 non-users) with 97.25% response rate. Antiretroviral treatment adherence status was 81.33% (95%CI, 76.49%–85.37%) for user, 76.41% (95%CI, 71.25%–80.89%) for non-user and 78.87% (95% CI: 75.41% - 81.96%) for overall population. Fixed medication time (AOR=3.40 95%CI; 1.51–7.63), treatment duration (AOR=2.07 95%CI; 1.03–4.14), family size (AOR=0.44 95%CI 0.23–0.88) and medical problems (AOR=0.32 95%CI 0.13–0.81) were associated with antiretroviral treatment adherence status of model users and non-users (overall population). &nbsp;</p>','<p>Antiretroviral treatment adherence level between two models was the same and below the WHO recommended. Factors of model user and non-users (overall population) were family size, treatment duration, chronic diseases, and fixed medication time&nbsp;</p>','<p><em>HIV-positive patients, ART-adherence, appointment spacing, Ethiopia&nbsp;</em></p>','65','2024-12-05 07:33:54','2024-12-05 07:33:54'),(61,16,'<p>&nbsp;(PhD)2 M. F. (MPH)3&nbsp;</p><p>Ejigu Gebeye Zeleke, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, institute of public health, College of medicine and health sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>Fantahun Aenew Mekonen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, institute of public health, College of medicine and health sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>Mesafnt Fekadu Andargie, Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program Residence Advisory at University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia</p>','<p><strong>Surveillance system evaluation of severe acute malnutrition in north Gondar zone, Ethiopia</strong></p>','<p>Public health surveillance systems evaluation is a periodic assessment or systematic way of collecting, analyzing, and using information to assure whether the objectives set are achieved or not. According to a United Nations report the world is moving far away from its goal of ending hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition by 2030. Sever Acute Malnutrition is major public health problems in Ethiopia. This study aimed<strong> </strong>to assess core activities, attributes, and supportive functions of existing surveillance system of severe acute malnutrition in north Gondar zone, northwest Ethiopia.</p>','<p>Institution based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in North Gondar Zone from February 16 – March 3, 2023. Semi structured interviews (developed from CDC system evaluation guideline and previous studies) were conducted with representatives from public health emergency units of Zone health department, woreda health office and health facilities.&nbsp;</p>','<p>All stakeholders are actively participating in the surveillance system. Data were regularly analyzed interpreted and use for action at zonal level but not at lower levels. There is Epidemic Preparedness and Response Plan at Zonal and woreda level but no budget allocation except Debark woreda. Rapid response team are avail at all levels but, functional only at zonal level.&nbsp; The surveillance system uses loose case definition to detect Severe Acute Malnutrition case and has case management protocol. The average and overall report completeness for Epi week 28-52 were 79.2% and 77.6% respectively but the report timelines was not recorded accurately. There are no full accesses of internet, electric power reservoir, vehicles, computer, printer, and statistical package for surveillance activities at all levels. No regular feedback and supervision at woreda and lower levels.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The surveillance system of sever acute malnutrition in districts and facility level was simple, acceptable, flexible, and stable. No full access of materials and software packages.</p>','<p>Surveillance system evaluation<strong>, </strong>malnutrition, Gondar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','65','2024-12-05 07:52:45','2024-12-05 07:52:45'),(62,19,'<p><strong>Dengue fever and chikungunya: prevalence, hematological parameters and associated factors among febrile patients in Dire Dawa City Administration, Ethiopia</strong></p><p>Getachew Kabew Mekonnen1, Desalegn Admasu Ayana1, Ahmed Mohammed2, Tadesse Shume1, Mesay Arkew1, Haftu Asmerom1, Delenesaw Yewhalaw3</p><p><strong>Authors’ affiliations</strong></p><p>1 School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia</p><p>2 School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia</p><p>3 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, P.O. Box: 5195 Jimma, Ethiopia</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Correspondence Email:</strong> <a href=\"mailto:gechmicro@gmail.com\">gechmicro@gmail.com</a> Mobile: +251 946353726</p>','<p><strong>Dengue fever and chikungunya: prevalence, hematological parameters and associated factors among febrile patients in Dire Dawa City Administration, Ethiopia</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong>&nbsp; Dengue virus and Chikungunya virus are emerging arboviral disease and becoming the major public health threat in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Arboviral diseases, particularly dengue fever and chikungunya outbreaks are frequently reported in the eastern regions of Ethiopia. However, the actual burden and contributing factors are not well studied in these areas. Thus, this study aimed to assess Dengue fever and chikungunya: prevalence, hematological parameters and associated factors among febrile patients in Dire Dawa City Administration, Ethiopia.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dire Dawa city administrations from October to December, 2023. Ethical approval was received from the Institutional Health Research Ethics Review Committee of Haramaya University. The socio-demographic and clinical information of patients were collected using a structured questionnaire and World health organization clinical checklist. Four milliliters of venous blood were collected from each empiric cases for determination of hematological parameters using Uni-cell DXH 800 hematology analyzer. Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation test, and logistic regression were used during data analysis. A P-value of &lt; 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant.</p>','<p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 576 febrile patients were investigated. About 42% (244) of the participants were from Dil Chora referral hospital, followed by 32% (183) from Legaharie health center and 26% (149) from Sabian comprehensive hospital. The majority of the study participants 312 (54.2%) were male and 524 (91%) were rural residents. The mean age was 27.00 years (±14) (range; 1 to 75 years). Of the total study participants, 400 patients (69.4%) were clinically diagnosed as either dengue or chikungunya.&nbsp; Nearly, 327 (57%) cases were diagnosed for dengue fever while 73 (13%) cases for chikungunya. The major clinical manifestations in both cases were muscle pain, joint pain, rash, and vomiting.&nbsp; Type of visited healthcare institution such as Sabian comprehensive hospital, AOR: 8.2 (95 % CI; 4.02, 17.3) and Dilchora referral hospital, AOR: 2.3 (95 % CI; 1.5, 3.7), urban residence (AOR: 2.3, 95 % CI: 1.37 - 7.7), patients who were government employ (AOR: 0.34 (0.12- 0.99), and patients who did not visit a healthcare institution for a similar acute febrile illness before (AOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.02, 10.3) were all significantly associated with empiric arboviral diseases.</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high rates of arboviral diseases; dengue fever and chikungunya were observed<strong>. </strong>These diseases are significantly sharing the certain clinical manifestations such as muscle pain, joint pain, rash, and vomiting. Additionally, type of visited healthcare institution, urban residence, patients who were government employ, and patients who did not visit a healthcare institution for a similar acute febrile illness before were more likely to be significantly associated with clinically diagnosed arboviral diseases. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in some hematological parameters between cases with dengue/chikungunya diseases and those without. These observations revealed the current burden of clinical prevalence of dengue and chikungunya virus infections in the study area to inform control strategies and public health policies. The findings highlighted the need for early diagnosis and urgent action to downplay the undesirable outcomes of arboviral disease.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Dengue fever, Chikungunya, febrile patients, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','69','2024-12-05 09:10:33','2024-12-05 09:10:33'),(63,19,'<p><strong>Relative burden of neglected tropical diseases among school-age children in rural and urban slum settings in Eastern Ethiopia</strong></p><p>Getachew Mekonnen1, Fitsum Weldegebreal1,2, Assefa Desalew 3,4, Temam Raru5, Ukash Umer 1, Kedir Urgesa 1</p><p><strong>Author Affiliations</strong></p><p>1 School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia</p><p>2 Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent, Belgium</p><p>3 Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia</p><p>4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, ZA Leiden, the Netherlands</p><p>5 School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia</p><p><strong>Corresponding Authors: </strong><a href=\"mailto:gechmicro@gmail.com,\"><strong>gechmicro@gmail.com,</strong></a></p><p><strong>Mobile: +</strong><strong style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">251946353726</strong></p>','<p><strong>Relative burden of neglected tropical diseases among school-age children in rural and urban slum settings in Eastern Ethiopia</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong> Despite the determination to succeed in eliminating neglected tropical diseases, it has been shown that there is re-emergence of these diseases within certain endemicities, particularly in depriving regions including Ethiopia. However, study on the burden of most of these diseases and its health-related quality of life in Ethiopia, particularly in the current study area is in its infancy and not well done.This study aimed to assess the relative burden of neglected tropical diseases in rural and urban slum settings in Eastern Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> A comparative cross-sectional study was with multistage random sampling technique was used to select the study participants among rural and urban slums households. A survey with the integration of the spectrum of skin-neglected tropical diseases, trachoma, and soil-transmitted helminthiases among 580 randomly selected children and their caregiver was conducted. Examinations for skin-neglected tropical diseases, grading of clinical trachoma and microscopic parasitological investigation of soil-transmitted helminthiases using a single Kato-Katz concentration technique were preformed. Structured questionnaires was used to collect sociology-demographic, behavioral and environmental data related to neglected tropical diseases. Standard clinical checklist adopted from WHO guideline was also utilized to undertake clinical examination of selected study subjects to screen for any potential NTDs. Data entered using Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed using STATA 16. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, proportions means were calculated and the differences between groups were assessed using Chi-squared test. The bi-variate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors and the level for statistical significance was declared at p-value &lt; 0.05 with 95 % CI.</p>','<p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 93%, and the mean age of the house heads was 31.6 years (range: 18. 63), with an average family size of 5.7. The overall prevalence of NTDs among the study participants was 22.6% (95% CI; 20.2, 25.2); in urban areas, it was 15% (95% CI; 12.2, 18.4), whereas it was 29.8% (95% CI; 26, 33.9) in rural areas. Although there was no statistically significant difference, the relative prevalence of NTDs between rural and urban areas was two. The multivariable analysis revealed that the risk factors associated with NTDs were government employment (AOR: 12.5 (1.17, 132.4)), good income (AOR: 0.13 (.03, 0.57)), a child playing with soil (AOR: 5.8 (1.52, 22.0)), child hand washing at critical times (AOR: 11.2 (1.7, 74.9)), the presence of flies in the child faces (AOR: 20.3 (4.7, 88.6)) and the type of drinking water source (AOR: 0.11 (0.02, 0.73)).</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The burden of NTDs was moderate in the study area and was dominated by STHs, trachomas, and scabies. Socioeconomic and WASH factors were found to be associated with NTDs. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders through&nbsp; ensuring equity in early case detection and management, awareness raising, providing improved sanitation facilities, clean water and medicines are crucial for preventing and controlling NTDs.</p>','<p>Inequalities, Neglected tropical diseases, urban, rural, burden, risk factors, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','69','2024-12-05 09:30:48','2024-12-05 09:30:48'),(64,16,'<p>Yaregal Fufa1, Tsion A Desalegn1, Yonas Assefa1,Negash Abera1 Abel Getu1 , Yeshambel Worku1, ,Ammar Barba2, Mesgana Befekadu1, Moti Edosa1, Anteneh Dirar3, Zerihun Doda4, Shiferaw Tesfaye Tilahun1, Ermias Wolde5, Yoseph Nigussie6, Melkamu Merid7,Desalegn Ajema7, Muluneh Getachew8, Temesgen Kabeta8, Tolera Hinsene8 , Tigist Belete1,&nbsp; Fekadu Adugna9, Melkamu Abte1</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>1 Center of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute</p><p>2 Ethiopian Public Health Institute</p><p>3Departments of Population and Family Health, Jimma University</p><p>4Environmental Anthropology, Development &amp; Conservation, Ethiopian Civil Service University</p><p>5 Department of Knowledge Translation, Ethiopian Public Health Institute</p><p>6 Plan, Monitoring and Evaluation, Ethiopian Public Health Institute</p><p>7 School of Public Health, Arba Minch University.</p><p>8 Department of Health Policy and Management, Jimma University</p><p>9 EPR Cluster, World Health Organization</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>* Correspondence to Tsion A. Desalegn, Center of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ethiopia.&nbsp; Email: <a href=\"mailto:tsionadw@gmail.com\">tsionadw@gmail.com</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><strong><br></strong><br></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>','<p><strong>Experience of Anthrax Outbreak Surveillance, Preparedness and Response in Arba Minch Town, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Qualitative study</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anthrax is a serious infectious disease that affects both animals and humans. It is still regarded as a public health issue in developing nations. The purpose of this study was to assess the overall anthrax outbreak response and to determine strengths, challenges and best practices encountered during anthrax surveillance, preparedness, and response in Arba Minch town, Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> The After-Action Review (AAR) was undertaken using qualitative methodology during the fieldwork period. The after action assessment conducted with purposively selected experts engaged in anthrax outbreak response activities like clinicians, public health professionals and&nbsp; government officials who were directly involved in the anthrax outbreak response. Data were collected through FGDs, Key Informant Interviews (KII) and observation. A total of four FGDs and eight KII were conducted. Digital audio voice recorder was used to record conversations. A thematic analysis was used to analyze data.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the study showed that all relevant stakeholders were mapped and engaged in the response for anthrax outbreak. The coordination system started prior to the confirmation of the first case and it appears to be well-organized, particularly in the early stages of an outbreak. While treating cases public health measures like mass vaccinations had contributed to ending the outbreak. The results of the study showed that there was a gap on the availability of documents and other supportive materials used for preparedness. Early preparation of logistics and supplies such as drugs, medical equipment and laboratory supplies were not prepositioned. In addition, there was a poor communication channel, lack of capacity building training for health care providers and regular supportive supervision on public health emergency management prior to the outbreak.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Conclusions: The study concluded that the response to the anthrax outbreak was effective. However, to improve future outbreak management, improvements in preparedness and capacity building are essential. And the Ministry of Health, the Ethiopian Public Health Institute, and relevant partners collaborate to strengthen preparedness and response efforts.</p>','<p>Keywords: Anthrax outbreak, surveillance, response, preparedness</p>','70','2024-12-05 14:52:48','2024-12-05 14:52:48'),(65,21,'<p>Dessalegn Tamiru: Department of&nbsp; Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</p><p>Beyene W Ademe: Department of&nbsp; Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</p><p><br></p>','<p><strong>Effect of Dietary Practices during Pregnancy on Newborn Nutritional Status at Birth in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>Globally, 51 million children under the age of 2 suffer from stunting. About half of these cases develop during pregnancy and within the first six months of life. Nutrition during the first 1,000 days is vital for survival, resistance to infections, and overall growth and development throughout life. This highlights the crucial role of maternal nutrition in reducing consequences of under nutrition in early life. Adequate dietary practice during pregnancy is essential to improve pregnancy outcomes, maternal health, and fetal growth and development. This study aims to determine the effect of dietary practices during pregnancy on newborn nutritional status at birth.&nbsp;</p>','<p>A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 495 pregnant women enrolled at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation. Data were collected using a pre-tested, interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Newborn anthropometric data was collected by midwives within 72 hours of delivery.&nbsp;</p><p>Principal component factor (PCF) analysis, test of proportion, and generalized structural equation model was employed to analyze the data. Variables with a p-value &lt; 0.25 were included to build the path diagram and the nlcom command was used to estimate the indirect and total effects. The goodness of fit was assessed using AIC and BIC.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and concurrent stunting and wasting at birth was 25.30%, 10.32%, and 1.82%, respectively. &nbsp;</p><p>The risk of stunting at birth was higher among newborns from mothers with inadequate dietary practices (ARR= 1.78; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.63), were undernourished (ARR= 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.84), had low food consumption scores (ARR= 1.65; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.52), consumed lower tercile leafy local foods (ARR= 1.54; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.25), lacked dietary counseling (ARR= 2.04; 95% CI: 1.18, 3.51), consumed lower tercile nutrient-dense foods (ARR= 1.82; 95% CI: 1.67, 2.84), were primiparous (ARR= 1.44; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.94), had husband with no formal education (ARR= 1.44; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.02).&nbsp;</p><p>The level of Husband education and maternal decision-making autonomy had significant direct and total effects on stunting at birth through maternal nutritional status. Similarly, minimum dietary diversity, meal frequency, and household socioeconomic status had significant indirect effects on stunting at birth through maternal dietary practices.</p><p>The risk of wasting at birth was higher among newborns whose mothers had inadequate dietary practices (ARR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.61) but lower among newborns whose mothers had good dietary knowledge (ARR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.97) and those whose mothers belonged to middle (ARR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.98) or higher (ARR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.56) socio-economic groups.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The magnitude of under nutrition at birth was higher.&nbsp; Dietary practices during pregnancy, maternal nutritional status, food consumption scores, consumption of leafy local foods, intake of nutrient-dense foods, maternal decision-making autonomy, number of deliveries, husband\'s level of education, maternal minimum dietary diversity, meal frequency, household socioeconomic status, and dietary information were significant predictors of stunting at birth.</p><p>Dietary practices during pregnancy, maternal dietary knowledge, and household socio-economic status were significant predictors of wasting at birth.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Dietary Practice&nbsp;</p><p>newborn</p><p>under nutrition</p><p>Pregnant Women&nbsp;</p>','71','2024-12-05 16:15:30','2024-12-05 16:15:30'),(66,18,'<p>Tsegazeab A.1, K.Gebremariam2 and K.Tesfay2</p><p>Department of Epidemiology, School of public health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia,</p><p><a href=\"mailto:araya.tsegazeab22@gmail.com\">araya.tsegazeab22@gmail.com</a> <a href=\"mailto:kidanumeles2008@gmail.com\">kidanumeles2008@gmail.com</a> and <a href=\"mailto:tesfaykissanet@gmail.com\">tesfaykissanet@gmail.com</a></p>','<p><strong>Magnitude of Recent HIV Infection and Associated Factors among Newly Diagnosed Cases in Tigray Northern Ethiopia 2024:&nbsp; HIV Case surveillance data&nbsp;</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent HIV infections were those acquired during the last 6-12 months and detected by Asante\'s recency HIV test kit. Identifying individuals with recent HIV infection is a vital step in controlling the epidemic and ending HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of recent HIV infections and identify associated factors among newly diagnosed HIV positive clients in Tigray between August 2023 and March 2024.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Method:</strong> All HIV surveillance data were exported from the REDCap, and entered into SPSS 23 for analysis. No particular sample procedure was used for this investigation. Descriptive and Binary logistic regression analyses were performed. The selection of variables for multivariate logistic regression analysis was based on their P-value of 0.25.&nbsp; At a 5% significance level (p&lt;0.05), the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to assess model fitness&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Results:</strong> The overall magnitude of recent HIV infections was 22.3% (95%CI, 19.4, and 26.4). The highest percentage of recent infections were observed in females (72%). The factors associated with recent HIV infections were age 15–24 years (AOR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.150, 5.742), employed (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.23, 6.304), female sex workers (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.119, 7.037), and those who paid or received money or a gift for sex (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.368, 3.673).&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The magnitude of recent HIV infections in Tigray was higher than other areas in Ethiopia. Significant predictors were being in the 15-24 age group, employed people, female sex worker, and paid or received money for sex. The regional health bureau, and stakeholders, should strengthen surveillance system and targeted HIV prevention intervention programs on the factors.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Asante<strong>, </strong>HIV/AIDS, Recent, Tigray&nbsp;</p>','45','2024-12-05 20:34:12','2024-12-05 20:34:12'),(67,16,'<p>Habtamu Y. Gedamu<strong>1*</strong>, T. Y. Birhan<strong>1</strong>, M. F. Andargie<strong>1,</strong> E. B. Tadesse<strong>2</strong>, N. M. Derseh<strong>1</strong>&nbsp;</p><p>*First Author; E-mail: <a href=\"mailto:habtamuyingesu55@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">habtamuyingesu55@gmail.com</span></a></p><p><strong>Author\'s Affiliation:</strong></p><p>1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,</p><p>2CDC/GHC/DGHT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p>','<p><strong>Pertussis outbreak investigation in remote District of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023: A community-based Case Control study</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background:&nbsp;</strong>Pertussis is a highly contagious vaccine-preventable bacterial infections that<br>affects all susceptible individuals, regardless of age.<strong> </strong>Despite the availability of effective vaccines, pertussis remains endemic with high fatality rates in low and middle-income countries. East Gojjam Zone health department reported 714 pertussis suspect case and three deaths in hard-to-reach Bibugn district of East Gojjam Zone on January 23,2023. Investigation was done to verify the existence of an outbreak, identifying the potential risk factors, and describe the epidemiology to prevent further similar outbreak.</p>','<p><strong>Methods: </strong>Community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from February 1 to March1, 2023 in Bibugn district and systematic random sampling was employed to select 126 cases and the corresponding126 controls. The controls were interviewed either from the same household or from the neighborhood. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire via face-to-face interviews. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed to identify predictors. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval(95%CI) and P-value of ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant risk factors.</p>','<p><strong>Result: </strong>The overall attack rate and case fatality rate of pertussis were95 and 4 cases per 1000 population respectively. Being female(AOR=2.66, 95% CI: 1.16-6.07),family size<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">&gt;</span>5(AOR= 2.72, 95% CI: 1.09–6.78),&nbsp; un-vaccination(AOR=4.91, 95% CI:2.09-11.53), contact history with cases(AOR = 6.22,95%CI: 2.57–15.06), not knowing mode of transmission(AOR=3.99, 95%CI:1.75-9.08),&nbsp; and living in a house with poor ventilation(AOR=3.39, 95% CI:1.42 - 8.08) were the identified risk factors for pertussis infection.</p><p><br><br></p>','<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The outbreak investigation in Bibugn district shows higher attack rate as compared to similar outbreaks in other areas. However, the identified risk factors in this outbreak have shown similar pattern to other surveys in other regions and requires similar prevention measures to minimize the risk of future outbreak in the area.</p>','<p><strong>Keywords:</strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Pertussis, Outbreak, Investigation, Northwest, Ethiopia</em></p><p><br><br></p>','73','2024-12-05 20:47:08','2024-12-05 20:55:20'),(68,18,'<p>Habtamu Y. Gedamu<strong>1*</strong>, T. Y. Birhan<strong>1</strong>, M. F. Andargie<strong>1,</strong> E. B.Tadesse<strong>2</strong>,N. M. Derseh<strong>1</strong></p><p><strong>Author\'s Affiliation:</strong></p><p><strong>1</strong>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,</p><p>2CDC/GHC/DGHT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p><p><strong>First author email address:</strong></p><p>Habtamu Yingesu Gedamu.<a href=\"mailto:habtamuyingesu55@gmail.com\">habtamuyingesu55@gmail.com</a>&nbsp;</p>','<p>Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Case Based Surveillance System in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2024</p>','<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ethiopia started Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Case-Based Surveillance (CBS) system along with the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) in June 2019. Public health surveillance system should be evaluated periodically to assure the effectiveness and efficiency of the systems.&nbsp; But in Ethiopia, HIV CBS system implementing facilities have no evidence on implementation status whether it is effective or not.<strong>&nbsp; </strong>Therefore,<strong> </strong>this study aimed to evaluate the implementation of core surveillance activities and attributes of surveillance system of HIV/AIDS in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2024.</p>','<p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using updated Centers for Disease Control guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems from January-March, 2024 in selected health facility in East Gojjam zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Questionnaires were administered to 27 healthcare workers involved in HIV testing services. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data and was presented as medians, interquartile ranges, frequencies and proportions. A 3-point Likert scale was used to rate the respondent’s knowledge.</p>','<p><strong>Results: </strong>Only half of the cases 216(53.6%) were reported by REDCap. The reasons for under-reporting of patients in the REDCap were shortage of test kit 100%,limited coordination between units 88.9%, no feedback from higher levels 77.8%, work overload77.8%,and internet and electricity interruption 66.7%.Majority of healthcare workers 23(85.2%) had good knowledge. We found representativeness 12(22.2%),timeliness 34(54%), completeness (91%), validity (86%), sensitivity 216(53.6%), acceptability27(100%)and simplicity 27(100%). The stability of the system was affected by the lack of standard operating procedures during system interruptions.</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Only half of the newly identified HIV cases reported in the routine aggregate system were captured in Research Electronic Data Capture. The overall health worker knowledge levels were good. The HIV CBS system with recency testing performs well in terms of completeness, flexibility, simplicity acceptability and confidentiality however, representativeness, validity, sensitivity, usefulness and stability were not satisfactory. As a result, health facilities&nbsp; should avail test kits coordination, follow up and backup operation are recommended.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>HIV Case-Based Surveillance, Recency Testing, East Gojjam zone, Ethiopia</em></p>','73','2024-12-05 21:31:01','2024-12-05 21:31:01'),(69,18,'<p>Habtamu Y. Gedamu*<strong>1</strong>, T. Y. Birhan<strong>1</strong>, M. F. Andargie<strong>1,</strong> E. B. Tadesse<strong>2</strong>, N. M.Derseh<strong>1</strong></p><p><strong>Author\'s Affiliation:</strong></p><p><strong>1</strong>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,</p><p>2CDC/GHC/DGHT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p><h1><strong>Authors’ Email address:</strong></h1><p>HabtamuYingesu.<a href=\"mailto:habtamuyingesu55@gmail.com\">habtamuyingesu55@gmail.com</a><strong>,</strong></p><p>Tilahun Yemanu Birhan: <a href=\"mailto:yemanu.tilahun@gmail.com\">yemanu.tilahun@gmail.com</a></p><p>Mesafint Fikadu: <a href=\"mailto:mesaykira@gmail.com\">mesaykira@gmail.com</a></p><p>Enyew Biru Tadesse: <a href=\"mailto:swt0@cdc.gov\">swt0@cdc.gov</a></p><p>Nebiyu Mekonnen Derseh: <a href=\"mailto:nebiyumek12@gmail.com\">nebiyumek12@gmail.com</a></p>','<p><strong>Effect of tuberculosis on mortality and its predictors among HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Awi Zone Public Hospitals ,Northwest Ethiopia, 2024</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong>The impact of tuberculosis (TB) on the mortality of people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) is high in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of TB on mortality and its predictors among HIV-infected adults on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) at Awi Zone Public Hospitals.</p>','<p><strong>Method:</strong> A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV-infected adults on ART with TB and without TB from January 1, 2018, to December 30, 2022, at Awi Zone public hospitals. Computer-generated simple random sampling was used to select 642 adults. Then, 321 TB/HIV co-infected and 321 TB-free PWH were recruited and followed for the occurrence of death. The Cox proportional hazard assumptions were not satisfied. Weibull regression was the best-fitted model after being selected by Akaike information criterion. An adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) with a 95% CI at P-value &lt; 0.05 was used to declare significant predictors of mortality.</p>','<p><strong>Result:&nbsp;</strong>A total of 642 HIV-infected adults were followed for 1571.9 person-years of observation (PYO). Out of 642, 117 (18.22%) died with an overall mortality rate of 7.44 per 100PYO (95% CI: 6.21–8.92 per 100 PYO). The incidence rate of death in TB/HIV co-infected and TB-free patients was 10.92 per 100 PYO and 4.26 per 100 PYO, respectively. The effect of TB on mortality was 2.56 (95% CI: 1.72–3.82). Age<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">&gt;</span>45years (AHR=4.08, 95%CI: 2.21–7.50), bedridden (AHR =2.26, 95% CI: 1.06–4.81), WHO stage IV (AHR= 2.8, 95% CI: 1.0–7.15),&nbsp; anemia (AHR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.74–5.54), OI (AHR = 2.71; 95%CI:1.03–7.13),&nbsp; CPT use(AHR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28–0.91) and poor adherence (AHR=3.83,95%CI: 1.58–9.28) were significant risk factors of mortality.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mortality rate among TB/HIV co-infected people is nearly three times higher than TB-free PWH. Many clinical factors were significant predictors of mortality. Therefore, clinicians and HIV program managers need to design interventions locally.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Keywords:&nbsp;</strong>Tuberculosis, Mortality, Predictors, Retrospective Cohort, antiretroviral therapy, Ethiopia</p>','73','2024-12-05 21:48:51','2024-12-05 21:48:51'),(70,16,'<p>&nbsp;Asrat M. Tegegne*,&nbsp; Y. Animut**, W. S. Seretew**, M. F. Andargie***</p><p>* Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program Resident at University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>** Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar,&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Gondar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>*** Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program Resident Advisor at University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Email Address</span></p><p>Asrat M. Tegegne :&nbsp; <a href=\"mailto:asrmekonn@gmail.com\">asrmekonn@gmail.com</a>&nbsp; (First and presenting author))</p><p>&nbsp;Y. Animut : <a href=\"mailto:yaregalae@gmail.com\">yaregalae@gmail.com</a>&nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;W. S. Seretew : <a href=\"mailto:wsisay2733@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">wsisay2733@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;M. F. Andargie : <a href=\"mailto:mesaykira@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mesaykira@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p><p><br></p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Measles Outbreak Investigation in Metema District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2024</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong> Measles is a highly contagious disease, with over 90% susceptibility in non-immune populations. Despite vaccination efforts, outbreaks continue in Ethiopia. This investigation aimed to identify factors driving a measles outbreak in the Metema district and to implement control measures.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Methods: </strong>&nbsp;An unmatched case-control study was conducted in Metema district from March 15 to May 9, 2024, involving 86 measles cases and 172 controls. Cases were individuals with positive serum IgM antibodies or epidemiologically linked to confirmed patients, while controls were asymptomatic individuals from the same neighborhoods. Data were collected using a CDC-adapted structured questionnaire, entered into EpiData 3.1, and analyzed with STATA version 17. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify factors, with statistical significance determined at p &lt; 0.05 using adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Results</strong>: In this outbreak, a total of 86 measles patients, including one death, were reported between March 2 and April 17, 2024. The overall attack rate of measles was 50 per 100,000 population and 100 per 100,000 among under-five children. Nearly half 40 (48%) of 86 patients were not vaccinated for measles, and the vaccine effectiveness was 60%. Factors significantly associated with measles were lack of vaccination (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI 2.0-10.4), travel to measles-affected areas (AOR: 5.4, 95% CI 2.5-11.4), contact history (AOR: 6.4, 95% CI 3.1-13.4), lack of awareness about measles transmission mechanism (AOR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.2-5.6), and measles prevention by vaccination (AOR: 3.4, 95% CI 1.6-7.1).&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>&nbsp; Under five children were disproportionately affected by measles. The outbreak was higher among individuals with a history of travel to measles-affected areas and those who had contact with individuals experiencing similar illnesses. The low vaccine effectiveness implies the need for improvements in catch-up immunization programs. Additionally, enhancing community awareness of the mode of transmission and preventive measures for measles is pivotal.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Measles Outbreak, Vaccine effectiveness, Catch-up immunization, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','74','2024-12-05 22:05:33','2024-12-05 22:26:32'),(71,18,'<p>Tsehaye D Araya ( Mekelle University)&nbsp; Email tsehayemu@gmail.com phone number 0900445583</p><p>Mr. A. G belay ( Mekelle University) Email&nbsp; aregawi.belay@mu.edu.et&nbsp; Phone number 0919306633</p><p>Mr. D. Digaffe ( Ministry of health) &nbsp; Email tesfaye.digaffe@moh.gov.et phone number 0912111224</p><p>Mr. A. mulugata (center for disease control and prevention) email&nbsp; <a href=\"mailto:gys7@cdc.gov\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">gys7@cdc.gov</span></a>&nbsp; phone number 0966216582</p><p><br></p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Trends and Demographic distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infection in Tigray region, Ethiopia 2019- 2024</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p>HIV remains a major public health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, despite&nbsp; advances in treatment, new HIV infections persist. The breakdown of health systems, displacement of millions, and increased vulnerability of specific populations have contributed to a rise in new infections. This analysis focuses on analyzing determining in newly diagnosed HIV cases in Tigray, Ethiopia, from July 2019 to July 2024, highlighting demographic and geographical disparities.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p>The methodology we used for this analysis is cross-sectional design using secondary data obtained from the Ethiopian public health institute(EPHI) HIV case-based surveillance (CBS) system. The data covers the period from July 2019 to July 2024 and includes information from 45 health facilities across Tigray. Data management and cleaning were performed using Excel, ensuring data completeness by excluding variables with ≥10% of missing value. We used descriptive statistics to analyze this secondary data analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the CBS Publication Advisory Committee, and data confidentiality was strictly maintained.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p>From July 2019 to July 2024, the number of newly diagnosed HIV cases in Tigray, with a total of 2,597 cases identified through HIV CBS from 45 health facilities. 61.57% of cases were female. Among the newly diagnosed HIV individuals, 2415 were eligible for HIV recency test and 1858 cases(76.%) were successfully tested from these 20.7% were recent infections, and 18-case with inconclusive result. Urban areas had (22.4%) proportion of recent HIV infection compared to rural (16.8%), and the proportion of HIV infection were higher in among female, living together and 15-19 age group with 22.3%,28.1% and 36.5% respectively. &nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;This analysis highlights demographic and clinical differences in HIV transmission in Tigray. Urban areas, younger populations, females, and couples living together are at higher proportion for recent HIV infections, pointing to the necessity of targeted interventions, including couple-focused counseling, youth-specific programs, and gender-sensitive prevention strategies.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Newly diagnosed HIV infection</p><p>HIV CBS</p><p>Recent HIV infection</p><p>Tigray, Ethiopia</p>','29','2024-12-06 09:04:19','2024-12-06 20:36:34'),(72,19,'<p>Gizachew T.Wassie2, Steven S.Yoon3</p><p>1,2Bahir Dar University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; 3Project mentor, Colorado USA&nbsp;</p>','<p>Prevalence and Associated Factors of Schistosomiasis, Geohelmnthiasis and Anemia Among Internally Displaced Person’s Camps In -Debre Birhan, Ethiopia 2024</p>','<p>Schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis are neglected tropical diseases that affect millions globally, particularly in low-resource settings. Internally displaced persons are a vulnerable population, often forced to relocate within their own countries due to conflicts, natural disasters, or other crises. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of schistosomiasis, geohelminthiasis, and anemia among IDPs in Ethiopia</p>','<p>A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 27 to April 28, 2024, in internally displaced persons camps in Debre Birhan, Ethiopia. Stool samples were collected and analyzed for <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> and geohelminths, while urine samples were tested for <em>Schistosoma haematobium</em>. Capillary blood samples were assessed for hemoglobin levels using a HemoCue hemoglobinometer. Data were coded, entered, and cleaned using Epi-info version 7.2. The resulting data were exported to SPSS version 26 for statistical analysis. Associations were tested using bi-variable and multi variable regression analyses.</p>','<p>A total of 412 internally displaced persons participated, with a response rate of 95%. Nine species of intestinal parasites were identified, resulting in an overall prevalence of 25.7%. The prevalence of geohelminthiasis and schistosomiasis were 23.5% and 2.2%, respectively. The overall prevalence of anemia was 32.5%. Participants diagnosed with geohelminthiasis, schistosomiasis, and anemia were treated according to the national treatment guidelines of Ethiopia. Significant associations were found between geohelminthiasis and handwashing with soap (AOR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.16-5.8) as well as regular shoe-wearing practices (AOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.3-5.1).&nbsp;</p>','<p>The high prevalence of geohelminthiasis and moderate public health burden of anemia underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve personal hygiene, latrine use, and proper footwear practices. Focused policies and strategies targeting IDPs should be designed to reduce the prevalence of geohelminthiasis, schistosomiasis and anemia. Attention should be given to provision of adequate water hygiene and sanitation facilities and infrastructure that meets the recommended guidelines.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Schistosomiasis, Geohelminthiasis, Anemia, Internally displaced persons, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','68','2024-12-06 12:09:42','2024-12-06 12:13:40'),(73,20,'<p>Getu D. Alene 2, Yihun M. Alemu3,&nbsp;</p><p>2,3Bahir Dar University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>High prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension in _Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia 2023</strong></p>','<p>Despite the availability of safe and well-tolerated blood pressure-lowering therapies, uncontrolled hypertension remains a major public health problem. This study aims to identify the magnitude and associated factors of uncontrolled hypertension among adult hypertensive patients in Bahir Dar City North West Ethiopia.</p>','<p>We carried out an Institutional-based cross-sectional study design from August 30 to October 15, 2023 in Bahir Dar hypertension sentinel site. Simple random sampling method were used to select 603 study participants. Data was collected using interviewer administered questioner and data abstraction checklist. Blood pressure control status was measured based on the eighth joint national committee guidelines recommendation. The data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviations presented using texts and tables. We run Binary logistic regression and the association between independent and dependent variables was measured using odds ratios and a 95% confidence interval with a significant level (P-value &lt; 0.05).</p>','<p>we detected 277/600(46.2%) patients had uncontrolled hypertension. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed participants with an age of &gt;=55 (AOR =2.4, 95 % CI: 1.4-3.97), missed follow-up appointments (AOR= 4.05,95 % CI 1.81-9.09), claim medication side effect (AOR=2.34,95%CI 1.22-4.48), overweight (AOR=4.1,95% CI 2.43- 7.04), comorbidity (AOR= 3.5, 95% CI 1.95-6.22) were associated with uncontrolled hypertension. While home blood pressure measurement (AOR= 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.23) and eating fruit and vegetable regularly (AOR= 0.15, 95% CI 0.06-0.35) were protective against uncontrolled hypertension.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The magnitude of uncontrolled hypertension was high. Implementing patient follow-up remainder system, early identification and management of comorbidities, encourage patients to lose weight, eat fruit and vegetables, and advice to stop or minimize alcohol intake should be done. Based on the findings partners specially resolve to save life working in hypertension sentinel site started patient remainder system using simple up.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Uncontrolled hypertension, associated factors, Ethiopia, sentinel sites</p>','68','2024-12-06 12:12:40','2024-12-06 12:12:40'),(74,20,'<p>Gizachew tadess wassie2, Angela M. Thompson Paul 3</p><p>2 Bahir Dar University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>3 Department of Public health Tulane University, USA&nbsp;</p>','<p>Blood Pressure Control Status and Rate of Continuity of Care among Hypertensive Patients Treated in the Private Sector, Compared with Patients Treated in the Public Sector _North Shewa Ethiopia 2023.</p>','<p>In Ethiopia<em> </em>Cardiovascular diseases account for 20% of all deaths, A major contributor to these trends is inadequate control of BP in the hypertensive population. Hypertension care in Ethiopia is provided by a dual system of public and private health facilities. This project aims to assess the performance and difference in continuity of care and hypertension control among private and public health facilities to propose appropriate public health strategies at all level of health facilities.</p>','<p>We carried out a comparative retrospective cross-sectional study from March 1-30/2023 on 230 patients from government health facilities and 230 patients from private health facilities. Clinic hypertension register, patient charts, DHIS II data base, &amp; compiled reports were the data sources. Mann-Whitney U test was used for continuous variables with skewed distribution and Chi-square test was used for categorical .The independent t-test performed to compare mean performance score between private and public health facilities. Binary logistic regression used to identify association between hypertension control and continuity of care.</p>','<p>Blood pressure control was achieved in 134(58.3%) of patients from government health facilities and 88(38.3%) of patients from private health facilities. There was no significant association between BP control and continuity of care. The mean usual provider continuity index was 0.78 with standard deviation (SD) 0.28. The mean usual continuity of care index (UPCI) had nearly similar distribution across the private and government health facilities with mean UPCI 0.79(SD 0.3) in the government health facilities and 0.78(SD 0.25) in the private health facilities.</p>','<p>Better blood pressure control was achieved among government health facilities as compared to the private health facilities. Personal continuity of care was not associated with BP control. Partners and Minster of health should start and support in hypertension control among the private health facilities.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Hypertension control, Continuity of care, North Shewa, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','68','2024-12-06 12:18:00','2024-12-06 12:18:00'),(75,23,'<p>Authors: Mohammed Jemal Ahmed1, Gebisa Dirirsa2, Dechasa Adare Mengistu3, Melake Demena4<br>and Abraham Geremew5</p>','<p>Rabies prevention and control practices and associated factors among dog owners in Chiro,&nbsp;West Hararghe, Ethiopia, 2021</p>','<p>Background: Rabies is a deadly zoonotic disease that remains a major public health concern in Ethiopia.&nbsp;<br>This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward rabies prevention and control,&nbsp;<br>and identify associated factors among dog owners in Chiro, West Hararghe, Ethiopia.<br>Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 326 randomly selected dog-<br>owning households. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, practices, and&nbsp;<br>personal/health-related factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable&nbsp;<br>logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with good rabies prevention and control&nbsp;<br>practices.</p>','<p>Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 30 to August 30, 2021, involving 326 dog-owner&nbsp;<br>households selected randomly from 6500 households. Data were collected using a pretested structured&nbsp;<br>questionnaire covering socio-demographic information, knowledge, attitude, and practices towards rabies&nbsp;<br>prevention, as well as health and personal characteristics. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis,&nbsp;<br>employing bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to determine associations. A p-value of less than 0.05&nbsp;<br>was considered statistically significant.</p>','<p>Results: The study revealed that 52.8% of participants had poor rabies prevention and control practices. While&nbsp;<br>52.1% demonstrated good knowledge, only 49.1% displayed a positive attitude. Factors associated with good&nbsp;<br>practices included having good knowledge of rabies [AOR = 2.41], a positive attitude [AOR = 2.06], owning&nbsp;<br>only one dog [AOR = 2.46], proximity to a vet clinic [AOR = 9.32], and receiving information from mass&nbsp;<br>media [AOR = 3.68] or health workers [AOR = 3.16].</p>','<p>More than half of the participants had poor rabies prevention and control practices. Similarly, the study found the &nbsp;<br>association of practice and knowledge and attitude of dog &nbsp;<br>owners. Therefore, there is a need to increase the prevention and control practices as well as the knowledge and &nbsp;<br>attitude of dog owners to rabies disease and to protect public health. There is a need to implement a multi-disciplinary approach with stakeholders such as veterinarians, &nbsp;<br>community members, public health workers, and other &nbsp;<br>governmental and non-governmental organizations</p>','<p>Keywords<br>Rabies, zoonotic disease, prevention and control practices, west Hararghe zone, Ethiopia</p>','76','2024-12-06 12:43:05','2024-12-06 12:43:05'),(76,20,'<p>B. Siri* 1,2</p><p>GM. KU 3</p><p>&nbsp;O. Ouédraogo 1</p><p>E. Zouré 1</p><p>Correspondance : siribf@yahoo.fr&nbsp;</p><p><br>1. Ministry of health, Burkina Faso<br>2. AfricaCDC, AES<br>3. Institute of tropical medicine of Antwerp<br><br></p>','<p>Burden and health system readiness to Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) prevention and Control&nbsp; in Burkina Faso (2000-2021)&nbsp;</p>','<p>cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or diabetes mellitus (DM) are major contributors to premature death. Since 2000, Burkina Faso has implemented various initiatives to address Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) through policies, strategies, interventions, and health system reforms to combat the diseases and their associated risk factors. In 2014, a dedicated health program was established. Since 2015, the country has also been facing insecurity. The objective of this study was to review and summarize the existing literature on NCDs and their risk factors, as well as to analyze NCD-related policies, strategies, and the health system\'s readiness. This analysis aimed to identify gaps in terms of planning and health system readiness to guide policymakers.</p>','<p>&nbsp;We use a mixed methods of study design which is divided into three components: [1] a scoping review of published literature to capture NCDs and their risk factors; [2] a review of policies, plans, and guidelines in Burkina Faso as related to the health system’s response to NCDs and their risks; and [3] analysis of readiness including identification of weaknesses, in the NCD response of the Burkina Faso health system. We made use of CVDs and T2D (and their risk factors) as the representative NCDs. The period of study is 2000-2021.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Among the 35 documents reviewed, the majority focused on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM), with overweight/obesity (40%), high blood pressure (34.3%), tobacco use (20%), and dietary patterns (20%) being the most commonly addressed. Only 5.7% of the documents discussed the prevalence of CVDs or type 2 diabetes (T2D), and 14.24% focused on mortality. Key behavioral risk factors identified included physical inactivity, particularly among urban women with high socioeconomic status, and increasing alcohol consumption with age. The main metabolic risk factors were overweight/obesity, especially in urban women, and hypertension. The documentary review revealed that while some policies addressing tobacco, alcohol, and sports have been developed, contributions from other sectors in strategic planning remain insufficient. Funding challenges were also highlighted. Furthermore, it shows that the capacity of health facilities for diagnosis and treatment has shown limited improvement before and after 2014, particularly in terms of trained health workforce, availability of drugs and medicines, and the presence of clinical guidelines.</p>','<p>&nbsp;The burden is huge and the health system readiness is insufficient. A multi-sectoral approach, supported by a clear financing mechanism and strategies to build a resilient health system, is essential to address the burden and emerging challenges, including terrorism.&nbsp;</p>','<p>CVDs, T2D, Burkina Faso, policies, health system, readiness&nbsp;</p>','75','2024-12-06 12:45:10','2024-12-06 18:38:01'),(77,24,'<blockquote>Leta Fikadu<br>Getahun Ali<br>Gnikew Gilow</blockquote>','<p>Malaria&nbsp; Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance&nbsp; System</p>','<p>The continuous, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health event information to support public health interventions and policy formulation characterizes public health surveillance. The main goal of this study is to evaluate essential characteristics of the malaria surveillance system in Itang special woreda and to ascertain if the system\'s objectives are fulfilled to produce evidence-based information for enhancing the surveillance system.</p>','<p>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June 14-28, 2023. The study involved the district health office, four health centers, and nine health posts. The health facilities were selected using a simple random sampling method. Data were gathered by interviewing public health emergency management focal persons with a semi-structured questionnaire adapted from CDC guidelines for assessing surveillance systems&nbsp;</p>','<p>The core activities and supportive functions of the Itang Special woreda Malaria surveillance system, such as knowledge of the system, were found to be 100% at all levels; data reporting exceeded the recommended standard of 80% at all levels; however, data analysis, epidemic preparedness, and feedback fell below the recommended standard of 80%.. Itang Special District had a regular supervisory system in place at all levels.</p>','<p>The public health surveillance system is fundamental for the wellbeing of the population. The evaluation indicates that the system is established and beneficial for detecting diseases and outbreaks. Besides the weekly report format, case-based report forms, line list report forms, and log books were found to be adequate.</p>','<p>Malaria, surveillance, evaluation, Itang Special district, Gambella Region Southwest Ethiopia.</p>','54','2024-12-06 12:48:10','2024-12-06 12:55:29'),(78,20,'<p>Abiyie Demelash Gashe1, Tewodros Eshete2, Aman Yesuf Endries3</p><h1>Author Affiliations</h1><p>1 Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program, NCD Track Graduate, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Department of Epidemiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p><p>2 St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Department of Epidemiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p><p>3 St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Department of Epidemiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p>','<p>Time to achieve blood pressure control and its predictors among hypertensive patients treated at public hospitals in the Afar region, Northeast Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study</p>','<p>Background: The timeframe from antihypertensive medication initiation to blood pressure (BP) control is an important yet underutilized measure of hypertension management. In Ethiopia, while many studies have explored BP control rates, data on the time require to achieve control are limited. This study aimed to estimate the time to BP control and identify its predictors in Afar region of Ethiopia.</p>','<p>Method: A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among hypertensive patients in five public hospitals from 7th September 2019 to 8th January 2023. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered into EpiData version 3.1, and analyzed using Stata version 14.2. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate time to BP control. Cox regression analysis was applied to identify predictors of time to BP control&nbsp;</p>','<p>A total of 443 hypertensive individuals were retrospectively followed, of which, 410 (92.6%) met the inclusion criteria. The median duration of follow-up was 10 month. The median age of the participants was 56 year.&nbsp; The median time to achieve BP control was 13 months (95% CI: 11⎼15). Factors associated with quicker BP control included combination therapy (AHR = 1.849, 95% CI: 1.276–2.679) and the absence of comorbidities (AHR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.276–2.679). In contrast, factors leading to delayed BP control included age ≥ 60 years (AHR = 0.378, 95% CI: 0.236–0.605), stage II hypertension (AHR = 0.626, 95% CI: 0.467–0.839), elevated creatinine (≥ 1.5 mg/dL; AHR = 0.371, 95% CI: 0.173–0.799), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) ≥ 126 mg/dL; AHR = 0.335, 95% CI: 0.152–0.738).</p>','<p>The median time to BP control in this study was longer than that recommended by clinical trials and most prior estimates. Combination therapy and the absence of comorbidities shorten the time to BP control, whereas delayed control is associated with advanced age, stage II hypertension, and elevated creatinine and FBS levels. These findings underscore the need for close follow-up and frequent counseling, regular end‒organ evaluation, effective treatment and control of underlying comorbidities and the use of combination therapy to achieve prompt BP control.</p>','<p>Hypertension, BP control, Time to BP control, Prompt BP control, Delayed BP control, Predictors of time to BP control, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','77','2024-12-06 15:02:34','2024-12-06 15:02:34'),(79,20,'<p>Abiyie Demelash Gashe <strong>1, </strong>Alefech Addisu <strong>2,</strong> Dawit Zenebe 3, Aman Yesuf Endries 4</p><p>Author affiliations</p><p>1Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program, NCD Track Graduate, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p><p>2 St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p><p>3Mekelle University, Department of Epidemiology, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia</p><p>4 St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Department of Epidemiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p>','<p>Comparative Evaluation of Hypertension Prevention, Treatment and Control Efforts among Pilot and Non-pilot Health Facilities in the Amhara Region, Northern Ethiopia, 2022: a Parallel Evaluation Design</p>','<p>Background: With increasing trends in hypertension prevalence and incidence, Ethiopia has been piloting a hypertension program whose effectiveness has not yet been ascertained. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a pilot hypertension program in the Amhara region of Ethiopia.</p>','<p>Methods: We followed a parallel evaluation design to describe the hypertension prevention, treatment and control efforts of four pilot and four non-pilot facilities in the Amhara region from April 1–30, 2022. We used a checklist with a structured questionnaire to collect data from record reviews, patient interviews and observations. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The statistical comparison was made using the chi-square test, t test, 95% CI and p &lt; 0.05.</p>','<p>Results: Pilot facilities demonstrated better performance in the hypertension prevention (72.8% vs 43.6%), hypertension treatment (85.3% vs 55.0%) and hypertension control (49.8% vs 42.4%) domains. The rate of opportunistic blood pressure (BP) screening was greater in pilot facilities (91%, 95% CI: 87.8–93.5%) than non-pilot facilities (74.4%, 95% CI: 71.2–79.7%). There was a statistically significant difference in hypertension detection rates between pilot facilities (19.9%, 95% CI: 16.2-24.0%) and non-pilot facilities (14.9%, 95% CI: 11.7–18.6%). Half (51.8%) of the hypertensive patients in the pilot facilities and 42.4% in the non-pilot facilities had controlled BP, with a statistically significant difference between facilities (chi-square, X2=0.823; p &lt; 0.001). The mean performance across the three domains was better in the pilot facilities than in the non-pilot facilities (76.1% vs. 51.2%, t test, t=2.125; p=0.042).</p>','<p>Conclusion: The evaluation of the pilot hypertension program in the Amhara region of Ethiopia demonstrated promising results. Pilot facilities showed better performance across the three domains. Compared with non-pilot facilities, they demonstrated better opportunistic BP screening, case detection and retention into care, and BP control. Based on these findings, pilot hypertension programs in the Amhara region should be scaled up into nationwide programs, and successful component pilot programs, such as structured approaches to hypertension management, protocol adherence, and the integration of hypertension services into primary healthcare, should be replicated&nbsp;</p>','<p>hypertension prevention, hypertension treatment, hypertension control, pilot health facilities, hypertension program evaluation, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','77','2024-12-06 15:12:43','2024-12-06 15:12:43'),(80,16,'<p>Authors:&nbsp; Eyob Esatu1,&nbsp;</p><p>Organization For Innovation and Sustainable Development Africa ,W.Sodo, Ethiopia</p><p>Position:&nbsp; Executive Director, isdafrica2013@gmail.com</p><p>Dr. Yoseph Halala2</p><p>Woaita Sodo University</p><p>Senior Researcher &amp; Lecturer School of Public Health and EPHI Consultant, W. Sodo, Ethiopia, yosephhala2@yahoo.com</p><p>Presenter Email: isdafrica2013@gmail.com</p><p><br></p>','<p>Public Health Readiness for Health Emergency Preparedness and Public Health Response in Ethiopia: Case Analysis of Mpox Outbreak</p>','<p>Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a disease caused by infection with a virus, known as <em>Monkeypox virus</em>. This virus is part of the same family as the virus that causes smallpox. People with mpox often get a rash, along with other symptoms. The rash will go through several stages, including scabs, before healing. The first human case of mpox was recorded in 1970, in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 2022, mpox spread around the world. Before that, cases of mpox in other places were rare and usually linked to travel or to animals being imported from regions where mpox is endemic. The objective is to review the status of current Mpox Outbreak public Awareness, Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Readiness of Ethiopia to gridlock the expansion of the pandemic.&nbsp; About 46% of participants confirmed they are unaware of its symptoms and transmission mechanisms. Nevertheless our reconnaissance survey result shows that public awareness is at its infant stage on the viral infection, transmission mechanism and preventive treatment systems &nbsp; among citizens of the country. The timely focus and urgency of Ethiopia at critical borders with particular emphasis on checkpoints along three Ethiopian regions, namely Oromia, Somali, and South Ethiopia is the right move to control its emergency in the country.</p>','<p>The study implemented multiple methodologies with methods of both qualitative and quantitative study designs. Survey study conducted on the awareness of the public in three regions of South Ethiopia, Oromia and Addis Ababa. Simple random sampling method was used to select a total of 125 study participants who were participated from 3 study areas. Emergency Preparedness Score card model Analysis has been scientifically conducted to rank the national public Health Emergencies preparedness&nbsp; using health communication matrices&nbsp; methods. Secondary data sources were intensively analysed to collect indepth information. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with health professionals and policy makers.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Mpox, also known as monkeypox and first detected in laboratory monkeys in 1958, is assumed to be transmitted from wild animals such as rodents to people or from human to human. It is a rare viral disease usually transmitted through body fluids, respiratory droplets, and other contaminated materials. The infection usually results in fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. The study result show including previously unaffected nations like Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda, have reported Mpox outbreaks, according to Africa CDC’s latest statement. So far in 2024, these countries have confirmed 2,863 cases and 517 deaths, primarily in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Suspected cases across the continent have surged past 17,000, a significant increase from 7,146 cases in 2022 and 14,957 cases in 2023. This is just the tip of the iceberg when we consider the many weaknesses in surveillance, laboratory testing and contact tracing in Africa. Therefore, urgent emergency preparedness is expected by Ethiopian government.&nbsp;</p><p>The rapid spread of mpox, formerly called monkey pox, in African countries constitutes a global health emergency, with the World Health Organization declared officially. The WHO also declared second time in three years that the W.H.O. has designated an mpox epidemic as a global emergency. It previously did so in July 2022. The mpox outbreak went on to affect nearly 100,000 people, primarily gay and bisexual men, in 116 countries, and killed about 200 people. The threat this time is deadlier. Since the beginning of this year, the Democratic Republic of Congo alone has reported 15,600 mpox cases and 537 deaths. Those most at risk include women and children under 15 are most vulnerable.</p><p>The World Health Organization (WHO) declared an international health emergency in response to the ongoing mpox outbreak, a significant escalation in the global health alert level. This follows a surge in research funding and scientific studies since the 2022 mpox outbreak in developed countries, which markedly increased focus on the disease. The current surge in mpox cases in central Africa has been classified by the WHO as a public health emergency of international concern. This designation underscores the need for a coordinated international and national response to manage and contain the outbreak, preventing further spread to other countries.</p><p>The country’s call to all citizens on the media about the outbreak of the mpox disease directly transmitted through human contact, the ministry urged citizens to immediately report to the nearest health facilities if they exhibit the disease\'s symptoms is an essential initial communication. However, the survey result show that only 37% of the people know about the mPox is a deadly disease, it symptoms and preventive treatment measures that can it can be tracked and controlled if the outbreak happens in Ethiopia. &nbsp; About 46% of the study participants identified common symptoms include a skin rash or mucosal lesions lasting 2–4 weeks, fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy, and swollen lymph nodes.</p>','<p>The study identified East African countries already with infected cases are: Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda, according to the World Health Organization. However, Ethiopia not yet reported suspected as well as confirmed case until 14 August 2024. As part of its emergency preparedness, the Ethiopian Ministry of Health announced that \"stronger than usual\" health monitoring and inspection measures are being implemented across the country\'s border-crossing points and major international gateways in connection with the ongoing mpox outbreak in Africa is the show case of the strong commitment of the government of Ethiopia to contain the pandemic. In response to this development, Ethiopia’s Ministry of Health has declared Mpox a national public health emergency. Furthermore, it has been emphasized that a collaborative effort by all African countries is imperative in preventing the disease’s dissemination. The Ministry has established a Public Health Disaster Coordination and Response Center to facilitate preparedness, monitoring, and response measures at the national level as part of its mandate of emergency preparedness initiatives and policy provisions.&nbsp;</p><p>The country’s call to all citizens on the media about the outbreak of the mpox disease directly transmitted through human contact, the ministry urged citizens to immediately report to the nearest health facilities if they exhibit the disease\'s symptoms is an essential initial communication. However, the survey result show that only 37% of the people know about the mPox is a deadly disease, it symptoms and preventive treatment measures that can it can be tracked and controlled if the outbreak happens in Ethiopia. &nbsp; About 46% of the study participants identified common symptoms include a skin rash or mucosal lesions lasting 2–4 weeks, fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy, and swollen lymph nodes. The virus can be transmitted to humans through physical contact with an infectious person, contaminated materials, or infected animals. Nevertheless our reconnaissance survey result shows that public awareness is at its infant stage on the viral infection, transmission mechanism and preventive treatment systems &nbsp; among citizens of the country. The timely focus and urgency of Ethiopia at critical borders with particular emphasis on checkpoints along three Ethiopian regions, namely Oromia, Somali, and South Ethiopia is the right move to control its emergency in the country.</p>','<p>Mpox, Outbreak Awareness, Health Emergency, Preparedness, Response, Ethiopia</p>','63','2024-12-06 15:29:42','2024-12-06 15:29:42'),(81,16,'<p><strong>Co-authors</strong>: H. A. Adem* L. B. seyoum** A. A. Nurgi***<br>*Assistant Professor in Field Epidemiology at Haramaya University <br>&nbsp; &nbsp;Email: <a href=\"mailto:hassenxiqqa32@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">hassenxiqqa32@gmail.com</span></a> <br> **Ethiopian FELTP Resident Advisor at Haramaya University <br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Email: <a href=\"mailto:lemabogale@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">lemabogale@gmail.com</span></a> <br>***East Hararghe Zonal Health Office<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Email: <a href=\"mailto:assefa2abdissa@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">assefa2abdissa@gmail.com</span></a></p>','<p><strong>Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Fedis District, Eastern Ethiopia, 2024</strong></p>','<p>Malaria is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Malaria epidemics is a serious public health emergency in Ethiopia due to its unstable transmission. On April 10, 2024, Fadis district Health Office reported that the district was experiencing an unusually high number of cases of malaria in five kebeles. We conducted the investigation to verify the existence of the outbreak, to identify the risk factors for transmission of malaria and to undertake appropriate prevention and control interventions.</p>','<p>We conducted matched case-control study with 56 cases and 56 controls in Fadis District from May 5-June 30,2024. We reviewed the previous five years’ malaria data to establish threshold. The cases had malaria signs and symptoms with laboratory confirmation. The controls were neighbors of cases with no malaria sign and symptoms and with similar sex and not more than +/-5 age difference to cases.&nbsp; We collected data by face-to-face interviews through semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using STATA version 17.&nbsp;</p>','<p> A total of 407 confirmed malaria cases with no death was identified with attack rate (AR) of 23.2/10,000. The Attack rate was higher among females (25.9/10,000), adults &gt;=15 years (25.3/10,000) and in Boko town (19.1/10,000). 80.3% of total confirmed cases were due to plasmodium Falciparum. Living near stagnant water (AOR = 3.80, 95% CI 1.20–12.22), use of ITN (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.72), inadequate ITN per family size (AOR = 3.52 95% CI 1.11–11.20), outdoor activities at night (AOR = 4.06, 95% CI 1.20–16.25), and participating in health meeting&nbsp; (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.06–0.73) were independently associated with malaria.</p>','<p>The malaria outbreak in this district is primarily due to environmental and behavioral factors. Therefore, we recommend improved ITN distribution, community education, and environmental management could help mitigate the outbreak&nbsp;</p>','<p>Malaria, outbreak, Plasmodium Falciparum Fadis, District&nbsp;</p>','78','2024-12-06 16:08:03','2024-12-06 16:08:03'),(82,20,'<p><strong>Authors:</strong>&nbsp; Mekonnen Yimer1, Anemaw Asrat 2, Abebe Gelaw2, Fisseha Walle 3, Dr.Molla Berhanu4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Affiliation(s) and email of each author:</strong> Principal Investigator from Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme resident: mekonnenmr@gmail.com1, Co-Authors from Bahir Dar University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics: <a href=\"mailto:anemawasrat@gmail.com2\">anemawasrat@gmail.com</a>, <a href=\"mailto:abebegelaw80@gmail.com\">abebegelaw80@gmail.com</a> 2, Co-Author from Amhara Regional Public Health Institute: fwale95@gmail.com 3, Regional Resolve to Save Lives Coordinator4.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Salt Intake Reduction and associated factors among Adults in Bahir Dar City 2022</p>','<p>Globally, adults consume an excess salt with an average of 10 grams of salt per day. In Ethiopia, 96.2% of adults consume an estimated 8.3 grams. It is responsible for more than 3 million deaths from heart disease, stroke, and related causes each year. Eighty percent of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Thus, this study aims to assess the salt intake reduction practice and associated factors among adults in Bahir Dar City, Amhara Region, Ethiopia April 2022.&nbsp;</p>','<p>We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study among 634 adults in Bahir Dar City in April 2022. We used a stratified multistage sampling technique to recruit study units. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection using Kobo Collect version 2022.1.2 and Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 was used for analysis. Variables of p-value &lt;0.25 during bi-variable logistic regression analysis were considered for multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, variables with a p-value of 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) not included were used to declare statistically significant variables. The assumptions of logistic regression analysis were assessed using the Hosmer and Leme show model fitness test.&nbsp;</p>','<p>618 adults participated with a response rate of 97.5%. Among the participants, 450 (72.82%) had poor salt intake reduction practices. Males [AOR=2.20, 95% CI (1.39-4.06)], urban residents [AOR=2.59, 95% CI (1.72-3.92)], not received advice to reduce salt [AOR=1.94, 95% CI (1.25-3.00)], not know the daily recommended salt intake per person [AOR=4.73, 95% CI (1.94-11.52)], and believing reducing salt for own health is less important [AOR=2.68, 95% CI (1.29-5.58)] were significantly associated with poor salt intake reduction practice.&nbsp;</p>','<p>An estimated three-fourths of adults in Bahir Dar city had poor salt intake reduction practices. Males, urban kebele residents who have not received advice to reduce salt, do not know the daily recommended salt intake per person, and believe reducing salt for their health is less important were significantly associated variables with poor salt intake reduction practice. Therefore, a salt intake reduction practice strategy is highly recommended.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Salt intake, reduction practice, adult, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</p>','79','2024-12-06 16:31:36','2024-12-06 16:31:36'),(83,16,'<p><strong>Authors:</strong>&nbsp; Mekonnen Yimer1, Anemaw Asrat 2, Abebe Gelaw2, Fisseha Walle 3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Affiliation(s) and email of each author:</strong> Principal Investigator from Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme resident: mekonnenmr@gmail.com1, Co-Authors from Bahir Dar University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics: <a href=\"mailto:anemawasrat@gmail.com2\">anemawasrat@gmail.com</a>, <a href=\"mailto:abebegelaw80@gmail.com\">abebegelaw80@gmail.com</a>2, Co-Author from Amhara Regional Public Health Institute: fwale95@gmail.com 3&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>','<p>Measles Outbreak Investigation in Ebnat District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, April, 2021<strong>: Case Control study</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>Measles is a highly contagious and vaccine-preventable disease. In March 2021, a measles outbreak occurred in Ebnat district, Northwest Ethiopia. This study aims to investigate the risk factors of the outbreak.&nbsp;</p>','<p>We conducted 1:2 unmatched case-control studies in the Ebinat district, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. We recruited all cases (55) found in the line list and 110 neighborhood controls. Cases are those either suspected or laboratory-confirmed or epidemiologically linked to confirmed cases and identified by case search and controls were selected randomly from neighbors of cases. We used a structured questionnaire prepared and loaded to Epicollect5. Data were cleaned in Excel and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Variables in the bivariable model at p-value ≤ 0.20 were entered into the multivariable model, and p-value ≤ 0.05 were identified as statistically significant risk factors.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Of ten tested blood samples six were positive for measles-specific IgM antibodies confirming the outbreak. About 55 cases and three deaths with attack rate (1.13%) and case fatality rate (5.3%) were reported from March 17 to April 05. Of these, 31 (56.4%) were males and 40 (72.7%) ≥5 years. The median age of cases was 18 years. In the district, about 3459 and 2,300 children were dropouts from MCV1 to MCV2 in 2020/21 respectively. Presence of measles case in neighbor [AOR: 6.33; 95%CI: 2.68-14.98], unvaccinated [AOR: 3.84; 95%CI: 1.08–13.65], having travel history within 7 to 18 days [AOR: 2.91; 95%CI: 1.22–6.93] and having contact history [AOR: 2.75; 95%CI: 1.20-6.26] were statistically significant risk factor for measles outbreak.</p>','<p>Delays in case detection and reporting rate, lower vaccination rates, presence of travel, and contact history are found to be the main contributing factors for the outbreak in the district. Implementation of the new global target of 7-1-7 for suspected outbreaks is highly recommended. Increasing public awareness of the importance of measles supplementary immunization was also recommended.</p>','<p>Measles, Outbreak, Investigation, Ebnat district, Northwest Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','79','2024-12-06 16:34:33','2024-12-06 16:34:33'),(84,20,'<p>Ali M. Wolle1, G.W.Tsegaye 2, A.G.Azene3</p><p>1*Ethiopian Field Epidemiology training program, department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; email: <a href=\"mailto:alimahammed201@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">alimahammed201@gmail.com</span></a>, Telephone :+251933268955</p><p>2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; email: <a href=\"mailto:fwudie@gmail.com\">fwudie@gmail.com</a>, Telephone :+251920054599</p><p>3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; email: <a href=\"mailto:abebaw2516@gmail.com\">abebaw2516@gmail.com</a>, Telephone :+251912934463</p>','<h2><strong>Determinants of Chronic Kidney Disease among Adult Diabetic Patients: An institution-based case control study&nbsp;</strong></h2>','<p><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic kidney disease is a condition where high blood glucose or blood pressure damages the blood vessels in the kidneys and reduces their function. Chronic kidney disease can be prevented by controlling blood glucose and blood pressure, avoiding harmful medications, and changing lifestyle. Though prior studies were conducted on chronic kidney disease among adult diabetics in the Amhara region, possible determinant such as glycated hemoglobin level was not assessed.The study objective was to identify the determinants of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Adult Diabetic Patients at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Amhara Region, Ethiopia,2024.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted institutional-based unmatched case-control study between January-1to June-30-2024. Cases were adult diabetic patient with chronic kidney disease and controls were adult diabetic patient without chronic kidney. All cases were included while systematic random sampling was used to select controls. Data from interview, laboratory and clinical records were collected and entered into Epi info version 7.2, then exported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 27 for analysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of chronic kidney disease and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 95 cases and 190 controls were recruited in the study. The study revealed that poor glycemic control (HbA1c) (AOR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.63-6.81), age ≥60 years (AOR: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.36-5.37), presence of albuminuria (AOR: 4.83, 95% CI: 2.19-10.73), analgesics used (AOR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.26-4.70), and duration of diabetes greater than or equal to 10 years (AOR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.30-4.88) had statistically significant association with chronic kidney disease among adult diabetic patients.</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study finding indicated that poor glycemic control, older age, positive albuminuria, use of analgesics, and long duration of diabetes were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease among adult diabetic patients. We recommend that individualized glycemic target for older age and long duration of diabetic patients.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Chronic kidney Disease, Diabetes, glycated hemoglobin, Adult, Dessie, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','58','2024-12-06 16:55:11','2024-12-06 16:55:11'),(85,19,'<p>T. Gari</p>','<p><strong>Title</strong>: Five years malaria surveillance data analysis in Kaffa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, 2024</p>','<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic infection caused by <em>plasmodium</em> specious. Several strategies and programs were developed and implemented to control and eliminate malaria at global and national level. Ongoing surveillance data analysis is required to monitor and evaluate the intervention measures; that helps to achieve national malaria elimination target. The study was aimed to assess trend and distribution of malaria cases by person, place and time in Kaffa zone.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Methods and Materials</strong>: Malaria surveillance data analysis was conducted in Kaffa zone from July 8 to Aug 10, 2024. Five years (January 2019 to December 2023) malaria data were retrieved from Public Health Emergency Management data base. Frequencies, percentages and proportions were computed to describe the distribution of case.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Result:</strong> A total of 149,560 malaria cases were reported from January 2019 to December 2023 in Kaffa zone. Of these, 144,296(96.5%) diagnosed parasitological and 5264(3.5%) clinically. Among the confirmed cases <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> accounted for 87,716(61%) and <em>Plasmodium vivax</em> shared 56,580(39%). Across districts case distribution varies from 17-384/10,000 population. The annual parasite incidence increased from 5.1/1000 in 2019 to 6/1000 in 2020, 8.94/1000 in 2021, 25.29/1000 in 2022 and 71.3/1000 in 2023. Malaria transmission in the zone reached to its maximum peak during summer (July-Aug) season and followed by spring (Sep-Nov) season. The zonal malaria case fatality rate was 41/100,000cases.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In Kaffa zone the incidence of malaria varies across district with consistently increasing trend of reported cases. <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> was the dominant type of malaria specious in the area. Therefore, prevention and control strategies to avert increasing trends of malaria in Kaffa zone should focus on districts with high incidence rate especially during summer and spring seasons.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Key words</strong>: Kaffa, Malaria, <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>, surveillance&nbsp;</p>','80','2024-12-06 17:00:05','2024-12-06 17:00:05'),(86,16,'<p><strong>Authors: *</strong>Ali M. Wolle1, G. W. Tsegaye2, E. Y. Abegaz3</p><p>*1Ethiopian Field Epidemiology training program, department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; email: alimahammed201@gmail.com, Telephone :+251933268955</p><p>2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; email: fwudie@gmail.com, Telephone :+251920054599</p><p>3Public health emergency management, South Wollo zone health department, Dessie, Ethiopia; email: eshetuyimam39@gmail.com, Telephone :+251975105599</p>','<p><strong>A Disaster summary report at Jari, Turkish Camp, Mekane Eyesus, Degan, Harbu and Medina internally displaced persons sites, south Wollo zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia 2023</strong></p>','<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Displacement exposes persons to new hazards and accrued vulnerability. The arrival of Internally Displaced persons can strain local health systems and the host population. The objective was to assess health and health related problems among internally displaced persons residing at South Wollo Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2023.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> A Descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted from January 15-25, 2023 at Argoba, Kallu and Tehuledere districts found in south Wollo zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia 2023. The districts were selected by simple random lottery methods among eight districts where internally displaced persons were lived. Among the selected districts, all internally displaced persons camps were included in the study. The data was collected by using document review, minute discussion and interview.</p>','<p><strong>Result:</strong> In the study sites,12,585 of displaced persons were living in the camps. Among those, 5845(47%) and 6586(53%) of them were male and female. All the camps have no health facility for giving health service to the internally displaced persons. Among adult’s respiratory tract infection is the leading cause of morbidity, while in under five years children diarrhea become predominant in the study sites. Immunization service is not given routinely at all internally displaced persons sites. Among 969 (53%) under five children screened for nutrition 161(16.6%) of children had nutritional problem.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The major causes of morbidity among displaced persons were respiratory tract infection and diarrheal diseases. Food and shelter are the main concern for all internally displaced persons. The coverage of latrine and safe water supply for displace populations were below the sphere standard. All internally displaced persons are living in overcrowded conditions and which leads to occurrence of chickenpox and diarrheal diseases outbreak. There is poor hygiene and sanitation practices all at collective sites. We recommended that the response activities should be based on sphere standard.</p>','<p><strong>Key:</strong> Disaster summery report, internally displaced persons, south Wollo zone, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','58','2024-12-06 17:04:11','2024-12-06 17:04:11'),(87,16,'<p><strong>Authors: *</strong>Ali M. Wolle1, G. W. Tsegaye2, E. Y. Abegaz3</p><p>*1Ethiopian Field Epidemiology training program, department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; email: alimahammed201@gmail.com, Telephone :+251933268955</p><p>2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; email: fwudie@gmail.com, Telephone :+251920054599</p><p>3Public health emergency management, South Wollo zone health department, Dessie, Ethiopia; email: eshetuyimam39@gmail.com, Telephone :+251975105599</p>','<p><strong>Chickenpox outbreak Investigation at Degan internally displaced persons camp, Kallu district, South Wollo zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia-2023: A case-control study in special groups</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background</strong>: The varicella zoster virus is the cause of chickenpox, an acute respiratory infection that is extremely contagious. The main ways that the virus transmit from person to person are by direct skin-to-skin contact, inhalation of aerosols from vesicular fluid of skin lesions, and maybe through infected respiratory tract secretions. The objective of the study was to identify the contributing factors of chickenpox among internally displaced people in the Degan camp, Kallu district, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2023.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> We carried out an unmatched case-control study at the Degan internally displaced persons camp from December 24, 2022, to January 1, 2023. The cases were who had an acute onset of generalized maculopapulovesicular rash, while the controls were who shared a home with a case without rash. The study included all 56 cases, with two controls chosen for each instance using a straightforward random lottery technique. Data was gathered via a questionnaire that was given by the interviewer. We used descriptive statistics, including crosstab, median, and frequency. In multivariable binary logistic regression, the variables with a P-value of less than 0.05 indicated a significant statistical association with chickenpox infection. The model goodness of fit was checked by Hosmer and Lemeshow Test (P-value was 0.744).</p><p><br></p>','<p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 168 people took part in the research. Of them, 47 (28%) were younger than five years old, while 67 (39.9%) were men. The interquartile range for the participants\' ages was 4 to 30, with 18 being the median age. All of the cases exhibited rash during the investigation period; 39 (69.7%) of the cases were recovered, and 17 (30.4%) of the cases developed complications. Of the study participants, 97 (57.7%) had contact with an infected individual. All cases besides the index case had no history of travel. Chickenpox infection was linked to contact with infected individuals (AOR=15.36;95% CI:2.85-82.76).</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study\'s concluded that the primary indicator of chickenpox outbreak was contact with cases. We recommended as to contain the outbreak, we suggested that isolating the contact cases.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Chicken Pox, Outbreak, Degan internally displaced persons, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','58','2024-12-06 17:11:50','2024-12-06 17:11:50'),(88,24,'<p><strong>*</strong>Ali M. Wolle1, G. W. Tsegaye2, E. Y. Abegaz3</p><p>*1Ethiopian Field Epidemiology training program, department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; email: alimahammed201@gmail.com, Telephone :+251933268955</p><p>2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; email: fwudie@gmail.com, Telephone :+251920054599</p><p>3Public health emergency management, South Wollo zone health department, Dessie, Ethiopia; email: eshetuyimam39@gmail.com, Telephone :+251975105599</p>','<p><strong>Evaluation of public health surveillance system, at Kelalla district, South Wollo zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia ,2023</strong></p>','<p>Background<strong>: </strong>A public health surveillance system is an essential public health function defined by ongoing systematic collection, compilation, analysis, and dissemination of data on reportable diseases and other events that present a potential threat to public health security. Our objective was to describe core process, Supportive function and evaluate key attributes of the public health surveillance system at Kelalla district, South Wollo zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia,2023.</p><p>&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 15-21, 2023 at Kelalla district, south Wollo zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Among nine health centers in the district, three health centers and five health posts in selected health center were enrolled by simple random lottery method. Data collection was done by face to face interview using questionnaire and observation of tools for surveillance and secondary data review and the collected data were processed by using the Microsoft word and Excel.</p>','<p><strong>Results:</strong> All health facilities had an outpatient register, and hospitals had an inpatient register for recording of the cases. All health facilities established rapid response teams but 2 (67%) of health centers and 4(80%) of Health posts they had no meeting at all. All study sites had the country priority disease and event/condition case definition but 8(80%) of them were post in the wall. The weekly surveillance data report completeness and timeliness in the district is 80% and 90% respectively. All levels had the recommended standard reporting form. No analysis of surveillance data was done at the district and health facility level.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The overall structural set up of the surveillance system and creation of responsible unit /focal person at each district and health facility level was good. There is poor continuous supportive supervision and training was limited. The surveillance system was found to be simple, useful, flexible, acceptable, and representative. There should be strengthen capacity building for public health emergency workers at the district.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Key word:</strong> Evaluation, public health surveillance system, Kelalla district, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','58','2024-12-06 17:19:08','2024-12-06 17:19:08'),(89,19,'<p><strong>Robel Belay1*, Haimanot Ewnetu2, Yohannes Dugasa1, Zelalem Olani1, Ebsa File3 and Henok Ferede3, Neamin Tesfaye1&nbsp;</strong></p><p><em>1. Center of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</em>&nbsp;</p><p><em>2. School of Public Health, Saint Paul\'s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</em>&nbsp;</p><p><em>3. Bacterial, Parasitic, and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</em>&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Godere District, Gambella Region of Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study&nbsp;</strong></p>','<p>In Ethiopia, malaria poses a serious threat to both public health and the country\'s economy, with an estimated 68% of the population at risk. The prevalence is higher in Gambella than in any other region in Ethiopia. Godere district malaria monitoring data revealed that the district was suffering an unusually high number of malaria cases. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the determinates of the outbreak of malaria in Godere district.&nbsp;</p>','<p>A 1:2 unmatched case-control study was conducted in Godere district from December 4 to 31, 2021. We had enrolled 92 cases and 184 controls. Cases were individuals with malaria signs and symptoms with laboratory confirmation, while controls did not exhibit any such symptoms. To gather data, a semi-structured questionnaire was utilized. Variables associated with malaria infection were identified using bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression model. Odds ratio along with 95% CI was computed to identify determinants of malaria outbreak. A p-value of less than 0.05, an acceptable level of statistical significance, was defined.&nbsp;</p>','<p>2376 suspected malaria cases were reported. Among them, 1394 (58.7%) were verified by laboratory examinations. Children &lt;5 years had a higher attack rate (40/1000 population). A mosquito breeding site near the residency area, sleeping outdoors at night and sleeping in a poorly constructed house were risk factors for malaria outbreak with (AOR= 4.5, 95% CI: 2.1–9.4), (AOR = 6.6, 95% CI: 3.2-13.7), and (AOR = 7.0, 95% CI: 2.8–17.8) respectively. Utilizing insecticide-treated bed nets and applying indoor residual spray were protective factors for malaria outbreak with (AOR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.1–0.9) and (AOR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9) respectively.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Presence of mosquito breeding sites, sleeping outdoors at night, and sleeping in a poorly constructed house are predictors of malaria outbreak. The district health office should offer health education on environmental management, malaria prevention, and better home maintenance should be practiced.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Case-control, malaria, outbreak investigation, outbreak, Godere, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','82','2024-12-06 18:28:14','2024-12-06 18:28:14'),(90,19,'<p>Bortola A. Ayana1,10, A. Abera2, A. Yesuf3, H. Belay2, M. Belachew2, T. Bishaw4, F. Averhoff 5,9, A. Landay6,9, P. A. Rebolledo7**, G. Tasew8**</p><p><strong>*Corresponding author:</strong> Bortola A. Ayana, email: <a href=\"mailto:bortolaabdisa21@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">bortolaabdisa21@gmail.com</span></a> Phone number: +251910055936&nbsp;</p><p>1 National Public Health Emergency Operation Center, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p>2 Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Team, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>3 St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College Department of Epidemiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p><p>4 Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p>5 Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA</p><p>6 Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Brach Galveston Texas</p><p>7 Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.</p><p>8 Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Research Directorate Director, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p><p>9 Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, USA</p><p>10 Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program Graduate from St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College.</p><p>** Co-seniorship</p>','<p><strong>Epidemiology of Visceral Leishmaniasis and other parasitic infections among refugees in Ethiopia.</strong></p>','<p>Introduction: While national guidelines and strategic plans emphasize prevention and control of&nbsp; neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) including visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and other parasitic diseases in Ethiopia, data on the epidemiology NTDs among vulnerable populations such as&nbsp; refugees remains limited. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of VL and other parasitic disease coinfections among refugees in two regional states in Ethiopia: Gambella and Benishangul-Gumuz Regions.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at four refugee camps from May to August 2023. The study participants were recruited using multistage sampling. Sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, housing and environmental factors associated with VL infections were collected, along with blood and stool samples. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. A binary logistic regression model was applied to identify risk factors for VL infection at p &lt; 0.05.</p>','<p><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 2,702 participants included in the study, 2,670 were willing to participate, response rate, 98.8%. Fewer than half 1,293(48.4%) were females. The mean age was 29.5±15.8 years. The prevalence rate of VL was 6.3% (95% CI: 5.4%–7.2%). The percentages of VL coinfection with malaria, S.mansoni, A.lumbricoides, T.trichiura, and hookworm were 7.8%, 10.2%, 6.6%, 3.4%, and 1.2%, respectively. Factors associated with VL infection included age (&lt;15 years: AOR 0.496, 95% CI:0.264–0.932), residing in the Benishangul-Gumuz refugee camps (AOR 3.860, 95% CI: 2.173–6.644), household size (≥5: AOR 1.48, 95% CI:1.022–2.149), having no history of contact with VL (AOR 0.022, 95% CI:0.007–0.065), the presence of termite hills (AOR 2.729, 95% CI:1.770–4.210), and the presence of stagnant water (AOR 2.11, 95% CI:1.405–3.183).</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study detected higher prevalence of VL and other parasitic coinfections among refugees in Ethiopia compared to the general population. The findings suggest the need for targeted environmental interventions as well as the integration of multiple parasite screening programs and treatments within the refugee population.</p>','<p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Neglected tropical diseases, Multiple parasitic coinfections, Visceral leishmaniasis, Refugee camps, Ethiopia</p>','81','2024-12-06 18:35:51','2024-12-06 18:35:51'),(91,20,'<p><strong>Bortola A. Ayana1,2, Lisa Pollack3, Aman Yesuf4,&nbsp; Siran He3,&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;Corresponding author:</strong></p><p>1 National Public Health Emergency Operation Center, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.&nbsp; (Email: <a href=\"mailto:bortolaabdisa21@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">bortolaabdisa21@gmail.com</span></a>)</p><p>2 Ethiopian Field Epidemiology Training Program, NCD track graduate at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</p><p><strong>Co-authors:</strong></p><p>3 Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA</p><p>4 St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College Department of Epidemiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','<h2>Evaluating the Role of Community Based Health Insurance on Medication Adherence, Blood Pressure Control and Continuity of Care among Hypertensive Patients in Pastoral Communities of Somali Region, South Eastern Ethiopia, 2024.</h2><p><br></p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong> Pastoral communities are particularly disadvantaged, facing limited access to healthcare and health services. To address this, the Ethiopian government has expanded community-based health insurance (CBHI) programs. This study evaluated the impact of CBHI on continuity of care (COC), medication adherence, and blood pressure (BP) control among hypertensive patients in pastoral communities of Somali region.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> A facility-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years who had been on medication for at least six months in selected facilities within pastoral communities of the Somali region. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected through medical record reviews and patient interviews. BP control was defined as three consecutive readings below 140/90 mmHg, taken at least one month apart, while medication adherence was assessed using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. COC was measured using the Bice and Boxerman index. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0, including chi-squared tests and logistic regression (p-value &lt;0.05).</p>','<p><strong>Results:</strong> Out of the 718 recruited patients, 660 (91.9%) were eligible; among the eligible patients; 336(50.9%) patients with CBHI and 324(49.1%) without CBHI were participated. The median age of participants was 56-years (IQR:47-64). The prevalence of good medication adherence was 44.1% (95%CI: 40.3-48.0%), with a significant difference between insured (47.3%, 95%CI:41.9-52.8%) and uninsured patients (40.7%, 95%CI: 35.3-46.3%). Good COC prevalence was 48.2% (95%CI: 44.3-52.1%), with no significant difference between insured (47.9%, 95%CI: 42.9-54.0%) and uninsured patients (48.5%, 95% CI: 35.3-46.3%). BP control was achieved in 45% (95%CI: 41.2-48.9%) of patients, with a significant difference between insured (48.5%, 95%CI: 43.1-54.0%) and uninsured (41.4%, 95%CI: 35.9-46.9%). After adjusting for socioeconomic factors, CBHI was associated with increased odds of medication adherence (29%) and BP control (16.3%) but not associated with COC.</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The CBHI program in the Somali region was associated with improved medication adherence and BP control among pastoral communities. However, it was not significantly associated with COC. Scaling up the CBHI program throughout the region may beneficial for local pastoral communities.</p>','<p><strong>Key words:</strong> Hypertension, continuity of care, medication adherence, BP blood pressure control, community-based health insurance, Ethiopia</p>','81','2024-12-06 18:53:42','2024-12-06 18:53:42'),(92,18,'<p>Tsigemariam Teklu, Tigray regional health bureau</p>','<p>The impact of armed conflict on HIV treatment service delivery in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, A Mixed Methods Study: Implication for a post-war recovery strategy</p>','<p> Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the major health concerns in the world. Since November 4, 2020, both war and HIV have severely damaged the health system in the Tigray region. This study aims to assess the impact of the armed conflict on the Tigray region between October 2020 and December 2023.</p>','<p>A facility-based mixed study design was conducted from January to March 2024. The source population for the quantitative study consisted of all people living with HIV (PLHIV) who engaged in HIV treatment in six zones, except the western zone, which is insecure. A sample unit for a qualitative study was purposefully selected from the six zones, consisting of 34 PLHIV clients working as case managers. Stata version 15 was used for the quantitative data analysis, while, Atlas Ti.7.6. was employed for the qualitative study.</p>','<p>Of the 43, 567 clients prewar, around 35,467 (81%) were assessed after the war, with 19% being insecure facilities. 1107 (2.5%) of the clients died during the war as the result of not taking medication, while 6302 (14%) were lost to follow-up or drop, and 12372 (35%) used outdated ART medication. 9683 (58%) had undetectable viral load levels. Laboratory commodities were looted and distorted.&nbsp;</p>','<p>War has a negative impact on the health of PLHIV enrolled in ART programs. Adjustments to the health-care system infrastructure, as well as an experimental inquiry into drug resistance will be recommended.</p>','<p>&nbsp;Impact of armed conflict, Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia, 2024.</p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>','83','2024-12-06 19:16:31','2024-12-06 19:16:31'),(93,18,'<p>Takele&nbsp; Menna&nbsp; (SPHMMC)_ &nbsp; admetakele@gmail.com, +251911134934,</p><p>&nbsp;Kiflu&nbsp; Iitefa (EPHI)_kimf2002@gmail.com, +251913047578,&nbsp;</p><p>Wudinesh Belete (EPHI)_beletewudinesh@gmail.com, +251912007283,&nbsp;</p><p>Tolcha&nbsp; Kebebew&nbsp; Motuma (CDC)_ <a href=\"mailto:qvf4@cdc.gov\">qvf4@cdc.gov</a>, +251911509328&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Title: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Case Surveillance Analysis in Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia Region; 2019 to 2024</strong></p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Background: </strong>Ethiopia started HIV case surveillance in 2019 to improve its prevention efforts and identify hotspot areas of new HIV infections. In 2023, an estimated 605,238 people were living with HIV in Ethiopia, with 7,428 new infections. The aim of this study was to characterize newly diagnosed HIV cases by socio-demographic, risk behavior, clinical characteristics, place and time in Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia Region.</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Methods: </strong>A<strong> </strong>cross-sectional study design was conducted using HIV case surveillance data from September 2019 to August 2024 in Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia Region. All newly diagnosed HIV cases in Gurage Zone were target population and 848 cases who had completed the case report form were selected for analysis. Descriptive analyses were done using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Power BI software.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 861 new HIV cases were diagnosed at 14 health facilities in Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia, from September 17, 2019 to August 1, 2024. The median age was 30 years. The majority were females 516(60.8%) and urban residents 618(72.9%). Nearly half, 378(44.6%) had primary education. Majority of new HIV cases were daily laborers 177(24.8%), housewife 152(21.3%), private employees 105(14.7%), farmers 83(11.6%) and female sex workers 77(10.8%). Number of newly diagnosed HIV cases were increased from 24 in 2019 to 225 in 2022, then declined to 216 in 2023 and 146 in 2024. Furthermore, 139(16.4%) new HIV cases had contact with known HIV-positive individuals, and 13(1.5%) injected illicit drugs. Among 611(85.7%) recency tested, 42(6.9%) new HIV cases were recently infected.</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that most newly infected HIV cases were females and urban residents. Daily laborers and housewives were the most affected groups. The trend shows fluctuations in the magnitude of new HIV infections over time. Government and stakeholders in Gurage Zone should take practical interventions for urban residents and high-risk groups.</p>','<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Keywords:&nbsp; HIV Case Surveillance, Newly Diagnosed HIV Cases, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','84','2024-12-06 19:57:25','2024-12-06 19:57:25'),(94,16,'<p>Mohammed H. Badeso1*, Yeshambel Worku1, Mukemil Hussien1</p><p>1Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p>*Presenting author: MH; direhasen@gmail.com; Phone: +251923728803&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Ethiopia towards Cholera elimination: Achievements, Gaps, and Emerging Challenges</strong></p>','<p>The Global Task Force on Cholera Control launched to Ending Cholera by 2030. Ethiopia is a part of this call to end cholera and aims to achieve interruption of cholera cases (zero cases) in cholera hotspot areas by 2028 and end nationally by 2030. However, the country continually experiences an increasing incidence of cholera cases. Given that most people with cholera are asymptomatic, 29,869 cases were reported in 2023. Therefore, exploring the problem that contradicts the progress of achieving ending cholera objectives is significant. This study aims to assess the achievements, gaps, and emerging challenges towards ending cholera in Ethiopia</p>','<p>We conducted a qualitative study design. We collected the data through a desk review of cholera program documents and KI interviews with subject matter experts. The analysis was conducted thematically.</p>','<p>Robust cholera prevention, control, and elimination programs have been implemented in Ethiopia. Strong commitment towards a multi-sectorial approach for eliminating cholera was conducted by developing a Multi-Sectoral Cholera Elimination Plan aligned with the HSTP-II, NAPHS, and One WASH Plan. Additionally, hotspot analysis and OCV administration were conducted. Even though the effort, low access of safe water, constrained availability of critical cholera supplies, insufficient OCV stocks, exhausted cholera response capacities, and inadequate financial were the identified gaps. The emerging challenges that might be contrary to the progress of ending cholera were climate change, conflict, political instability, population displacements&nbsp;</p>','<p>The intensive commitments conducted to achieve the ending cholera roadmap in Ethiopia. However, the various gaps and emerging challenges contrary to the progress of ending cholera achievements last years. Achieving this objective requires effective implementation of multi-sectoral cholera elimination plan which need systematic and robust monitoring and evaluation. We recommended that recognize and approach cholera ending from the long-term development lens and leverage cholera control coordination task Force hosted at Deputy prime minister, strengthen the water, and sanitation systems, researches, genomic surveillance and bioinformatics analysis capacity in-country.</p>','<p>Cholera, Ending cholera, Cholera elimination, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','86','2024-12-07 13:29:27','2024-12-07 13:29:27'),(95,16,'<p>&nbsp;<strong>Authors:</strong> Dejene Tadesse1, Mamo Nigatu2, Gemechu Chemeda1,&nbsp;</p><p>1Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Jimma University, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>2Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Authors emails</strong>: <a href=\"mailto:dejetadesse40@gmail.com\">dejetadesse40@gmail.com</a>, mamogebre14@gmail.com, <a href=\"mailto:gemechiscc@gmail.co\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">gemechiscc@gmail.co</span></a><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">m</span></p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Malaria Outbreak Investigation in Wando District, Southeastern Ethiopia, 2023</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;In the Western Arsi zone, malaria is a priority health problem with a high frequency of epidemics and constitutes a major public health problem. The Wando District Public Health Emergency Management (PHEM) reported unusual malaria cases on July 13, 2023, and the trend exceeded the threshold limit. Therefore, this investigation aimed to confirm the occurrence of malaria outbreaks and contracting factors in the Wando district.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;An<strong> </strong>unmatched case-control study was implemented with 190 randomly selected respondents from September 5 to 25, 2023. Cases were individuals confirmed positive for Plasmodium species through rapid diagnostic tests, while controls were nearby residents who tested negative. The data collected by Kobo Toolbox software were exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted, with statistical significance set at a P-value &lt; 0.05.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;A total of 190 study participants (64 cases and 126 controls) were selected. Among them, 102 (52.8%) of the study participants were male, and the mean age was 28 years. Males and the age group 5–14 years were the most affected, with an attack rate of 35 and 39 per 1000 population respectively. Rural residences (AOR=3.54, 95% CI: 1.9–13.8), availability of stagnant water near the home (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.15–5.06), having travel history to affected areas (AOR=2.93, 95% CI: 1.09–7.81), staying outdoors at night (AOR=4.57, 95% CI: 1.59–13.14), and not having knowledge on malaria and its prevention (AOR=2.78, 95% CI: 1.37–5.63) were contracting factors for malaria outbreak.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;The study concluded that having a travel history, the availability of stagnant water near the home, not having knowledge, and staying outdoors at night were significantly independent risk factors for the occurrence of a malaria outbreak. Environmental management, avoiding staying outdoors at night, and creating community awareness of malaria should be performed.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;malaria, outbreak, case-control,<strong> </strong>investigation, contracting factors, Wando district&nbsp;</p>','89','2024-12-08 11:19:15','2024-12-08 11:19:15'),(96,20,'<p><strong>Author (PI):</strong> Bikila N.Gobena1; <strong>Co-Authors</strong>: G. Ch. Feyisa2, B.Kenate3, D. Gobena4, B.Tesfa5, G. Shumi6 and Ch.Fikru7</p><p>1Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program Resident, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia</p><p>2Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of public health, Resident Advisor, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia</p><p>3Public health and emergency management, research and blood bank service Directorate, Oromia Health Bureau, Ethiopia.</p><p>41Public Health Emergency Management and Health Research Directorate,&nbsp; Oromia Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,2School of medical laboratory science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</p><p>5Disease and health events surveillance and response Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ethiopia</p><p>6Public health and emergency management, research and blood bank service Directorate, Oromia Health Bureau, Ethiopia.</p><p>7Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Research Advisor, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Authors’ email</strong>: 1<a href=\"mailto:sichanket2018@gmail.com\">sichanket2018@gmail.com</a>, 2<a href=\"mailto:gemechiscc@gmail.com\">gemechiscc@gmail.com</a>,<a href=\"mailto:3simboyt@gmail.com\">3simboyt@gmail.com</a>, 4<a href=\"mailto:dabesagobena25@gmail.com\">dabesagobena25@gmail.com</a>,5bizutesfa44@gmail.com, 6milkigeme@gmail.comand 7<a href=\"mailto:fikruc@yahoo.com\">fikruc@yahoo.com</a>&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Lifestyle Modification Practice and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Adults under Treatment in West Wollega Zone hospitals, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, 2023</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>Hypertension affects one-third of adults globally, necessitating pharmacological treatment and lifestyle modifications. However, lifestyle modifications practice remains low in Ethiopia. This study aims to investigate the lifestyle modification practices and identify associated factors among hypertensive adults under treatment, adults in West Wollega Zone hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia.</p>','<p>This study employed a cross-sectional design. A total of 743 participants of selected governmental and private hospitals among hypertensive adult patients, recruited through random sampling. Data was collected through structured questionnaires, assessing socio-demographic, health, behavior, information source, and adherence to recommended lifestyle practices.&nbsp; Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, applying descriptive statistics and logistic regression to identify factors associated with lifestyle modifications. A significance level of p &lt; 0.05 was set for all analyses to determine the impact of various factors on lifestyle modification practice.</p>','<p>This study evaluated lifestyle modification practices and their associated factors among hypertensive adults in West Wollega Zone hospitals, Ethiopia. From 730(98 %) involving study participants found that only 31.37% practice recommended lifestyle modifications. Significant factors included: co-morbidity (AOR=14.19, 95% CI: 8.51-23.65), formal education (AOR=3.63, 95% CI: 2.14-6.15), urban residency (AOR=3.42, 95% CI: 2.12-5.52), median wealth index (AOR=3.98, 95% CI: 1.76-9.34), rich wealth index (AOR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.14-3.50), age ≥ 65 years (AOR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.38-0.99), receiving information from healthcare professionals (AOR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.34-0.94), and being on treatment for over ten years (AOR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.04-0.38). These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to enhance lifestyle modification practice among hypertensive patients in the country.</p>','<p>Lifestyle modification is crucial for managing hypertension, but adherence remains low. Factors like co-morbidity, education, wealth, age and duration since diagnosis influence practices. Targeted interventions enhance patient education and support&nbsp;</p>','<p>Lifestyle changes, Hypertension, West Wollega.</p>','91','2024-12-08 16:57:35','2024-12-08 16:57:35'),(97,19,'<p><strong>Author (PI):</strong> Bikila Negesa Gobena1; <strong>Co-Authors</strong>: Teshome Kabeta2, Gemechu Chemeda Feyisa3, Birhanu Kenate4, Gemechu Shumi5, Fantahun Workine6, Haimanot Workineh7, Ebise Djirata8, Dabesa Gobena9&nbsp;</p><p>1Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program Resident, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia 2Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Academic Mentor, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>3Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of public health, Resident Advisor, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia</p><p>4Public health and emergency management, research and blood bank service Directorate, Oromia Health Bureau, Ethiopia</p><p>5Public health and emergency management, research and blood bank service Directorate, Oromia Health Bureau, Ethiopia</p><p>6Disease and health events surveillance and response Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ethiopia</p><p>7Disease and health events surveillance and response Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ethiopia</p><p>8Disease and health events surveillance and response Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ethiopia</p><p>91Public Health Emergency Management and Health Research Directorate,&nbsp; Oromia Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,2School of medical laboratory science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</p><p><strong>Authors’ email</strong>: 1<a href=\"mailto:sichanket2018@gmail.com\">sichanket2018@gmail.com</a>, 2 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">tka1204@gmail.com,</span> 3<a href=\"mailto:gemechiscc@gmail.com\">gemechiscc@gmail.com</a>, <a href=\"mailto:4simboyt@gmail.com\">4simboyt@gmail.com</a>, <a href=\"mailto:5milkigeme@gmail.com,6fantahunworkie@gmail.com\">5milkigeme@gmail.com,6fantahunworkie@gmail.com</a>,7 <a href=\"mailto:haymanotworkie@gmail.com\">haymanotworkie@gmail.com</a>, <a href=\"mailto:8abosedjirata@yahoo.com\">8abosedjirata@yahoo.com</a>, and 9<a href=\"mailto:dabesagobena25@gmail.com\">dabesagobena25@gmail.com</a>&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Unraveling the dynamics of Dengue in Metahara town, East Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023</strong></p>','<p>Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease, has increasingly been reported in Ethiopia, with a suspected outbreak occurring in Metahara town, Oromia Regional State, in July 2023. This study aimed to confirm the outbreak, identify associated risk factors, describe epidemiological characteristics, and implement control measures&nbsp;</p>','<p>A descriptive study followed by an unmatched case-control design (1:2 case-to-control ratios) was conducted. Data on the dengue outbreak were collected through line lists, laboratory test results, environmental observations, home visits, and entomological examinations.&nbsp; A total of 50 cases and 100 controls were randomly selected from a list, followed by community-based face-to-face interviews with 150 participants. The data was collected using Kobo Collect and analyzed using SPSS version 26 for statistical analysis. The study used a binary logistic regression model to identify significant variables, with p-values ≤ 0.25 for bivariate analysis and p-values ≤ 0.05 for statistical significance.</p>','<p>The investigation confirmed 342 cases of dengue, resulting in an attack rate of 7.1 per 1,000 populations, with a case fatality rate of 0.88%. Factors associated with the dengue were: not using long-lasting insecticide nets during the daytime was a nine fold increased likelihood of dengue outbreak, and households with open water containers had a nearly fivefold increased risk. Respondents lacking disease awareness were 25 times more likely to be infected, while wearing long-sleeved clothing conferred a protective effect of 75% reduction in risk.</p>','<p>The dengue outbreak in Metahara town is a result of epidemiological, entomological, and environmental factors, with <em>Aedes aegypti</em> as the primary vector. Insufficient vector control measures, improper water storage, and inadequate protective clothing increase vulnerability. The recommended strategies include integrating vector control measures with community education, promoting long-sleeved clothing, raising awareness about dengue transmission, and establishing robust surveillance systems.</p>','<p>Dengue Outbreak, Metahara town, Ethiopia, 2023</p>','91','2024-12-08 17:15:17','2024-12-08 17:15:17'),(98,20,'<h2><strong>Authors:</strong> Tesfaye Getaye#, Bizatu Mengistie</h2>','<h2><strong>Title:</strong> Five-Year Retrospective Record Reviews Analysis of Diabetes Data at Chiro General Hospital, 2019-2024.</h2>','<h3><strong>Introduction</strong>: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant global public health challenge and a growing concern in Ethiopia, particularly within the public health emergency management (PHEM) framework. This study examines the trends of DM at Chiro General Hospital, focusing on variables such as sex, age, type of diabetes, screening practices, management strategies, and temporal and spatial influences.</h3>','<h3><strong>Methodology</strong>: A retrospective review of secondary data from the past five years (2019-2024) was conducted, covering 3,003 diabetes patients at Chiro General Hospital. The data, accessed with permission from the hospital\'s NCD department and HMIS focal, were reviewed, checked, cleaned, and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2021.</h3>','<h3><strong>Results</strong>: Analysis revealed a significant increase in controlled DM cases, rising from zero in 2019-2020 to 1,258 in 2022-2023, while uncontrolled cases decreased from five to 31. Enrollment trends showed a surge in previously enrolled cases from 162 to 2,875, with newly enrolled cases peaking at 464 in 2021-2022. Type II DM cases consistently exceeded Type I, peaking in 2021-2022. Males consistently outnumbered females, with the highest counts in 2023-2024 (2,169 males and 2,058 females). Notably, DM cases among patients under 40 years increased from 1,220 to 2,301, while cases for those aged 40 and older remained low.</h3>','<h3><strong>Conclusion/Recommendation</strong>: The analysis indicates significant progress in DM management at Chiro General Hospital, with increased controlled cases and enrollment, particularly among patients under 40, necessitating targeted interventions. The hospital should implement educational programs for younger patients, enhance outreach for female patients to address gender disparities, and strengthen data collection and analysis. Regular follow-ups are crucial to ensure sustained diabetes control and prevent complications.</h3>','<h3><strong>Key words: </strong>Diabetes Mellitus, Surveillance data analysis, Chiro General Hospital, chiro 2019-2024.</h3>','92','2024-12-10 08:34:52','2024-12-10 08:34:52'),(99,17,'<p><strong>Corresponding Author: Chalachew W. Malore</strong></p><p><strong>Co-authors: Dr. Fufa.H and Mr. Berhanu.T &nbsp;</strong></p><p>Email: yechaleww@gmail.com</p><p>Mobile: +251910460381&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Evaluation of MCV2 Vaccination Coverage and Factors Affecting Uptake in Durame Town, Kambata Zone, Ethiopia</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong> Measles, caused by the paramyxovirus, remains a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable disease responsible for approximately 2.6 million deaths annually. Despite concerted global efforts by the WHO and UNICEF, measles outbreaks persist in some regions. WHO’s 2009 policy recommended the introduction of a second dose of measles vaccine (MCV2) once the first dose (MCV1) coverage reached 80% for three consecutive years. Ethiopia introduced MCV2 in 2019, but data from 2022 show inconsistent coverage, with the African region at 45% and Ethiopia at 81.72%. This study aims to assess MCV2 coverage and identify factors influencing vaccination rates in Durame town, Kambata zone, to help inform strategies to reduce measles-related morbidity and mortality.</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 422 children under five years of age in Durame town. Bivariate logistic regression was used to identify associations between variables, and significant factors (p ≤ 0.25) were included in multivariable logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, with statistical significance set at p &lt; 0.05.</p>','<p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 401 participants (95% response rate), the average maternal age was 27.42 years. MCV2 coverage was 66% (95% CI [61%, 71%]), while MCV1 coverage was 100%. Major barriers to MCV2 uptake included lack of awareness of the need for a second dose (60%), insufficient knowledge (27%), and fear of side effects (5%). Higher MCV2 rates were associated with maternal education (primary AOR = 1.892; secondary AOR = 8.966; higher education AOR = 6.504), awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases (AOR = 1.613), and knowledge of the requirement for two doses (AOR = 1.807). Additionally, 27.2% of families had to walk more than 30 minutes to reach a health facility, and over 16% experienced waiting times exceeding 30 minutes.</p>','<p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> MCV2 coverage in Durame town, while improving, is still below the WHO target of ≥ 95%. Factors influencing vaccination rates include maternal education, awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases, and knowledge of the two-dose requirement. Barriers include a lack of information, general unawareness, and fear of vaccine side effects. To improve MCV2 coverage, efforts should focus on increasing awareness, educating mothers, and improving access to health services.</p>','<p><strong>Key Words:</strong> MCV2 Vaccination, Measles, Durame Town, Kambata Zone, Maternal Education, Vaccine Awareness, Ethiopia</p>','93','2024-12-10 14:04:32','2024-12-10 14:04:32'),(100,20,'<p>Zeleke Dutamo Agde 1, 2*, Jeanette H. Magnus 3, Nega Assefa&nbsp; 4, Muluemebet Abera Wordofa 1</p><p>1 Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia, 2 Department of Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia 3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ; 4 College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia</p>','<p><strong><em>Couple-based violence prevention education significantly reduces intimate partner violence during pregnancy in rural central Ethiopia: findings from a cluster randomized controlled trial</em></strong></p>','<p>Pregnancy is often seen as a joyful and fulfilling time for many women. However, a significant number of women in Ethiopia experience intimate partner violence (IPV) during this period. Despite this, there is limited evidence on interventions aimed at preventing violence during pregnancy. The purpose of this trial was to examine the effectiveness of Couple-Based Violence Prevention Education (CBVPE) in reducing IPV during pregnancy in rural Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p>A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted using a two-arm parallel group design. The 16 clusters were randomly allocated into 8 intervention groups and 8 control groups. A total of 432 pregnant women (216 in the intervention group and 216 in the control group) participated in the trial. Couple-based violence prevention education was provided to the participants in the intervention group, while the control group received routine or standard care.&nbsp;</p>','<p>At the endline, 94.9% of women in the intervention group and 95.3% of women in the control group were available for intention-to-treat analysis. We used difference-in-difference analysis and the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. There was a substantial drop in the proportion of any IPV during pregnancy from 39.4% at baseline to 13.0% at endline (p&lt;0.001). Women in the intervention group were 74.1% less likely to report any IPV during pregnancy compared to the control group (AOR = 0.259; 95% CI 0.161–0.417). Specifically, the intervention also reduced psychological, physical, and sexual violence during pregnancy.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The study found that CBVPE is effective in reducing IPV during pregnancy in the study setting. Scale-up and adaptation to similar settings are recommended. The trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT05856214.</p>','<p>couple-based education, intimate partner violence, Hadiya Zone, randomized controlled trial, central Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','96','2024-12-11 12:50:24','2024-12-11 12:50:24'),(101,19,'<p>Jemal Abdella Abdurrahman 1, Fufa Hunduma 2 , Etsehiwot Zemelak 3</p><p>&nbsp;SPHMMC resident 1, SPHMMC staff 2, Minister of Health 3&nbsp;</p>','<h2>Trends and Patterns in Malaria Occurrence in West Arsi, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, finding from Surveillance Data, 2019-2023&nbsp;</h2>','<p>Currently, over 3.3 billion individuals, or 40% of the global population, are at risk of malaria in endemic regions. Besides increased international travel heightens the risk of the disease spreading to non-endemic areas, posing significant public health concerns. This study aimed to describe the magnitude and distribution of malaria morbidity and Mortality&nbsp;</p>','<p>A Record review study was conducted. The study period was from July to August 2024 and focused on confirmed malaria cases over the past five years. Data were accessed from the West Arsi database and Public Health Emergency Management Systems. It encompasses <em>Plasmodium species</em>, socio-demographic information, and admission status. Incomplete data were excluded from the analysis. Local health authorities granted ethical approval, and data analysis employed descriptive statistics and graph presentation for clarity.</p>','<p>From 2019 to 2023, West Arsi reported 87,923 confirmed malaria cases, resulting in 44 Deaths. The districts with the highest case counts included Wondo (145/1,000), Siraro (106/100,000), and Negelle Arsi Town (83/1,000). the data indicates over half of malaria cases (51%) are in males, with 46% affecting those over fifteen years old. The cumulative incidence trend in this zone increased from 1.5 per 1,000 population in 2019 to 17.4 per 1,000 population in 2022.</p>','<p>the fluctuating of case numbers and mortality rates highlight the complexities of malaria control in this region. Malaria was present in the area in about two-thirds (60.4%) of cases of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>. Demographic trends reveal most cases in males and individuals over fifteen years old. Its findings can inform evidence-based decision-making and guide malaria control programs in the region.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Trends, Malaria surveillance, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','95','2024-12-11 17:21:02','2024-12-14 03:48:08'),(102,18,'<p>Author: Hika W.Terfa <a href=\"mailto:hikawakjira@gmail.come\">hikawakjira@gmail.come</a>&nbsp; &nbsp; (+251928739440)&nbsp; Oromia region sheger city ,Burayu health&nbsp; office PHEM Officer</p><p>&nbsp;Major advisor: Mr. Mulatu&nbsp; Ayana (PhD,Asso.professor)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;Co-advisor:Mr. Bedasa Tesema (Assi. Professor )</p>','<p>Determinants of delayed health care seeking among adult tuberculosis patients at public health facilities in burayu, malka nono and gafarsa guje sub cities of sheger city, oromia, ethiopia, 2023: unmatched case control study</p>','<p><strong>Background: </strong>Delay in health care seeking of tuberculosis patients is those patients who do not come to health facilities within 21 days after sign and symptoms of tuberculosis appear on them. Delay in Tuberculosis diagnosis may lead to increased spread of infection in a community and worsen the prognosis and medical complication of the infected individual. Delayed presentation is a major problem contributing to the high burden and transmission of Tuberculosis in developing countries.</p>','<p>Institution based unmatched case-control study design Was employed. The study was conducted from July, 2023 to August, 2023. The study population were adult pulmonary Tuberculosis patients registered under directly observed Treatments service for follow up at public health institutions in Gefersa Guje sub city of guje health center, Burayau and Malka Nono sub city of Sheger city during the study period. A total of 83 cases and 164 controls were selected for the study using&nbsp; systematic random sampling method; every second Tuberclusis patient visiting the facilities at TB departments. Data was collected by using structured questioners interviewer administered and entered in to Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions was used to identify factors associated with outcome variable. The strength of association between independent variables and dependent variable was measured using adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. P-values below 0.05 was used as a cut of point to declare significance in the multivariable logistic regression model.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The study participants responds that 36 (44.7%) cases and 56 (34.1% ) control were advised by some body for first visit of health facility for health care seeking. On other hand 12 (14.5 %) cases and 34 (20.7 %) control were first visit health facility since they believe or confident in getting cure from tuberculosis disease.Sex, educational level, being farmer and Distance from health facility were significantly aﬀecting the on time treatments of Tuberculosis patients. Male Tuberculosis patients ((AOR=4.0, CI=1.9-8.2)), tuberculosis patients those has no formal education (AOR=3.37, CI=1.37-8.25), farmers and house wife (AOR=7.7, CI=1.3-44.7) and (AOR=10,CI=2.49-40.83) respectively and being 3-5 km distance from health facility (AOR=0.22, CI=0.08-0.55) were significantly associated with delayed seeking health</p>','<p>Those predictors mainly found to be attributed to delay in seeking health care were being male, low education and inaccessibility which resulted in low awareness and health information. So it needs to put more effort and emphasis on community based interventions and early case detection.</p>','<p>&nbsp;Tuberculosis, unmatched, case control&nbsp;</p>','94','2024-12-11 18:38:28','2024-12-11 18:38:28'),(103,19,'<p><strong><em>Shaggar City Ethiopia</em></strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Determinants of Delay in Timely Treatment Seeking for Diarrheal Diseases Among Mothers/Caregivers With Children Less Than Five Years Old in Ilu District, Central Ethiopia, 2023: Unmatched Case Control</strong></p>','<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Delayed treatment for diarrhea leads to severe dehydration, long-term complications, and death. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of delay in timely treatment seeking for diarrheal diseases among mothers/caregivers with children less than five years in public and private health facilities of Ilu district, Central Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Methods:</strong> Institutional-based unmatched case-control was conducted between April 1 to June 15, 2023, among 291 (144 cases and 147 controls) children less than five years old. Cases were mothers/caregivers with children less than five years old who had signs/symptoms of diarrhea and sought treatment after 24 hours of the onset of symptoms and controls were who sought treatment within 24 hours. Two government and 3 private health facilities were selected randomly. The sample size was proportionally allocated to each selected health facility and systematic random sampling was used to recruit the study subjects. Data was collected by trained data collectors using pretested questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS version 26. Both binary and multiple logistic regression were computed.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Results:</strong> Out of, 291 (144 cases and 147 controls) children along with their mothers/caregivers, 114 (79.2%) among cases and 104 (70.7%) of controls were &lt;24 months. Children &lt; 24 months (AOR = 2.5, 95 % CI = 1.23-4.98), children residing in rural areas (AOR =2.3, 95 % CI = 1.09-4.87), children with not knowledgeable mothers/caregivers (AOR = 5.6, 95 %, CI = 2.90-10.64) were more likely delayed in timely treatment.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion and Recommendations:</strong> The age of the children, mothers/caregiver\'s knowledge about diarrhea, and the residence area of the child, were determinants of delay. Strengthening preventive care programs targeting age and residence, and awareness creation among mothers/caregivers about the importance of timely treatment seeking of &lt;5 children with diarrheal diseases were recommended.</p>','<p>Diarrhea, Delay, Ethiopia, Under Five Children&nbsp;</p>','100','2024-12-12 19:16:30','2024-12-12 19:16:30'),(104,16,'<p><br></p><p>Amare Y. Abate<strong>1</strong>, Bantie G Y1, Damtie L A2, Mesafnt F A<strong>1</strong>, Dessie A A<strong>1</strong> &nbsp;</p><p><strong>Authors affiliation;</strong></p><p><strong>1</strong> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine</p><p>and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p><strong>2</strong>Amhara National Regional State Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Author email address;</strong></p><p>Amare Y Abate <strong>&nbsp;</strong><a href=\"mailto:yirgaamare3@gmail.com\">yirgaamare3@gmail.com</a>&nbsp;</p><p>Bantie G Y&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:bantiegetnet@gmail.com\">bantiegetnet@gmail.com</a></p><p>Damtie L A&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:damtie27@gmail.com\">damtie27@gmail.com</a></p><p>Mesafint F A&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:mesaykira@gmail.com\">mesaykira@gmail.com</a>,</p><p>Dessie A A<strong>&nbsp;</strong><a href=\"mailto:%20dessieabebaw96@gmail.com\"><strong>&nbsp;</strong>dessieabebaw96@gmail.com</a>,&nbsp; &nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Evaluating the Effectiveness and Initial Challenges of the \'1-3-7\' Malaria Surveillance and Response Strategy in Farta District, Ethiopia, 2024</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background</strong>: Ethiopia implemented the \"1-3-7\" surveillance and response approach for malaria elimination in selected districts. Assessing its progress to ensure alignment with the national malaria elimination strategic plan is crucial. This study evaluates the approach\'s implementation and investigates the challenges encountered during its initial phase in the Farta district, northwest Ethiopia.</p>','<p><strong>Methods</strong>: A concurrent mixed-methods study was conducted. A semi-structured checklist was used to extract data from the Excel database of the district malaria elimination report from April 2nd to December 24th,2023. Twenty-two key players were interviewed to assess their understanding of key activities of the approach and to explore the challenges faced by the approach. The Centers for Disease Control guideline for evaluating surveillance systems was used to describe the approach in terms of surveillance attributes.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Results</strong>: During the evaluation period, 199 malaria cases were passively identified, with 85.4% reported within one day. Of the 180 eligible cases, 86.7% underwent case investigation within three days, leading to the testing of 1,590 asymptomatic individuals and identifying 31 additional cases (1.9% positivity rate). Significant gaps were noted in completeness, timeliness, acceptability, representativeness, and stability. Only 31.8% of key players demonstrated a good understanding of the approach’s activities. Major challenges included security issues, antimalarial supply shortages, and a lack of dedicated program staff.</p>','<p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The implementation of the \"1-3-7\" surveillance and response approach in the Farta district did not fully align with the national malaria elimination protocol. For the approach to succeed, security issues must be addressed, capacity-building initiatives provided, antimalarial commodities ensured, and strong advocacy and community mobilization efforts undertaken.</p>','<p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Malaria, Elimination, surveillance, evaluation, and Ethiopia</em></p>','46','2024-12-13 16:58:03','2024-12-13 16:58:03'),(105,19,'<p>Amare Y Abate*<strong>1</strong>, Bantie G Y1,&nbsp; Dessie A A<strong>1</strong> &nbsp;</p><p><strong>institutional affiliation:</strong> <strong>1</strong> Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine</p><p>and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</p><p>Authors email Address:&nbsp;</p><p>Amare Yi Abate <strong>&nbsp;</strong><a href=\"mailto:yirgaamare3@gmail.com\">yirgaamare3@gmail.com</a>&nbsp;</p><p>Bantie G Y&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:bantiegetnet@gmail.com\">bantiegetnet@gmail.com</a></p><p>Dessie A A<strong>&nbsp;</strong><a href=\"mailto:%20dessieabebaw96@gmail.com\"><strong>&nbsp;</strong>dessieabebaw96@gmail.com</a>,&nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p><br></p>','<p><strong>Incidence of malaria recurrence and its determinants among patients with Malaria in Andabiet District, northwest Ethiopia</strong></p>','<p><strong>Background:</strong> Malaria remains a major public health concern in Ethiopia. Recurrent malaria not only exacerbates the burden on healthcare systems but also leads to increased morbidity, economic strain, and the risk of developing severe complications. Despite some studies on malarial recurrence, evidence on the incidence and the factors contributing to recurrence is scarce in Ethiopia. So, this study determines the incidence of malarial recurrence and its determinants among patients with malaria in the Andabiet district, northwest Ethiopia.</p>','<p><strong>Methods</strong>: An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was employed among 649 patients with malaria from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023, who were selected by using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using structured and pretested questionnaires. Kaplan–Meier and Log-Rank test was used to compare survival differences among categories. In bi-variable analysis p-values &lt; 0.25 were entered into a multivariable analysis. The multivariable Weibull regression model was used to measure the risk of recurrence and identify predictors of recurrence. Significance was declared at a p-value of ≤ 0.05.</p>','<p><strong>Result: </strong>The incidence rate of recurrence was 1.79 (95% CI, 1.51-2.12) per 1000-person day of observations. The median survival time of malaria patients without recurrence was 239 days with an interquartile range of (170 -334). Being males (AHR=1.75; 95% CI= 1.04-2.95), family size of ≥ 5 (AHR= 1.76; 95%CI 1.10-2.79), early diagnosis and treatment (AHR= 0.48; 95% CI 0.32- 0.71), with no primaquine treatment (AHR=3.91; 95%CI= 2.66- 5.76), good medication adherence (AHR= 0.52; 95% CI= 0.34-0.80) and slept under ITN (AHR= 0.55; 95% CI 0.37- 0.82) were significantly associated with incidence of recurrence.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study underscores the importance of ensuring timely diagnosis, promoting adherence to antimalarial medications, expanding the use of primaquine, and enhancing ITN utilization to reduce malaria recurrence and improve patient outcomes.</p>','<p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Malaria, recurrence, Plasmodium species, Malaria elimination</em></p><p><em><br></em><br></p>','46','2024-12-14 06:54:00','2024-12-14 06:54:00'),(106,18,'<p>1. B.Jikkamo (PhD, Assistant Professor in Epidemiology, Hawasa University)</p><p>2. K.Etefa (MPH in Field Epidemiology, Ethiopian Public Health Institute)</p><p>3. A.Ashole (MPH, South Ethiopia Region Public Health Institute)</p>','<p><strong>HIV Case Surveillance Data Analysis in Ari Zone, Southern Ethiopia: 2019 - 2024</strong></p>','<p>Ethiopia has made significant progress in achieving 95 targets and HIV epidemic control at national level. HIV case-based surveillance(CBS),&nbsp; that introduced since 2018, has greatly impacted for these performance. However, there is still clear gap in&nbsp; data tracking progress, especially at lower structural level. This study aimed to describe trend of newly identified HIV cases and identify risk factors associated with recent infections using HIV case surveillance data in Ari zone, Southern Ethiopia.</p>','<p>Facility based retrospective analysis was employed on HIV case surveillance dataset(December 1/2019 to August 30/2024) from Ari zone CBS implementing facilities. Data extracted from national REDCap database was cleaned and missing values excluded before analysis. Frequencies and percentages were used to assess trends of newly identified and recent infections. Logistic regression model was used to screen for factors independently associated with the risk of recent infections. Variables with <em>p</em>-value &lt;0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval in final multivariable logistic regression model was used to confirm significant association.</p>','<p>A total of 1082 newly diagnosed HIV cases were identified from December/2019 to August/2024. The mean age of individuals at the time of diagnosis was 29.72 years. The number of people newly identified with HIV increased from 141(3/10,000) in 2020 to 194(4.6/10,000) in 2024. Among 805 individuals with valid recency test results, 98(12.2%) were recently infected with HIV. Among eight variables fit for final model(<em>p</em>-value&lt;0.25), only two variables, age between 15-24[AOR=4.196, 95%CI: 2.053, 8.578] and education[<em>p</em>-value&lt;0.036] are significantly associated with recent infection. Jinka town and South Ari reported highest proportion of recent infection, 45(46%) each.</p>','<p>The trends of both newly identified and recent HIV infections were decreasing since 2022, this is good progress, but not celebrating milestone regarding national target. Immediate HIV prevention strategies should be implemented in areas with high proportion of recent infections targeting younger and less educated people.</p>','<p>HIV case surveillance, Data analysis, Ari zone, Southern Ethiopia</p>','104','2024-12-14 15:13:36','2024-12-14 16:23:20'),(107,22,'<p><strong>Tewachew Awoke1,*, Tarik Yenew Tessema2, Daniel Mekonnen1&nbsp;</strong></p><p>1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Bahir Dar Blood Bank Office, Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia,</p>','<p><strong>Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and associated factors of S</strong><strong><em>almonella</em></strong><strong>,</strong><strong><em> Shigella</em></strong><strong>, and Intestinal parasites among food handlers in Bahir Dar University students’ cafeterias, Northwest Ethiopia</strong></p>','<p>Gastrointestinal diseases caused by <em>Salmonella, Shigella,</em> and intestinal parasites remain major public health problems in developing countries. Poor hygienic food handlers in congregated facilities are the main spreaders. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of <em>Salmonella</em>, <em>Shigella</em>, and intestinal parasites, identify associated factors, and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles among food handlers in Bahir Dar University students’ cafeterias, Northwest Ethiopia.</p>','<p>A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 404 food handlers from April to June 2023. Participants were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. Self-administered questionnaire and observation checklist were used to collect data. Stool samples were transported with Cary Blair transport medium. Selenite F broth was used for the enrichment of <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>Shigella</em>. Then, sub-culturing was performed on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar, and then identification was done using biochemical tests. Intestinal parasites were identified through wet mount. Susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Baur disk diffusion method. The data was entered using Epi-Data Version 3.1 and exported to SPSS Version 25 for analysis.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The prevalence of <em>Salmonella,</em> <em>Shigella, </em>and intestinal parasites was 2.2%, 0.7%, and 28.2%, respectively. <em>Entamoeba histolytic</em>a/<em>dispar</em> was the predominant parasite detected. All <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>Shigella</em> isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol 9/9 (100%). <em>Salmonella</em>, 8/9 (88.9%) and <em>Shigella</em>, 3/3 (100%) were ampicillin resistant. Fingernail status (AOR=10.36, 95% CI: 5.64, 19.03), medical checkups (AOR=10.36, 95% CI: 5.64, 19.03), hand washing before meals (AOR=3.06, 95% CI: 1.09, 8.63) and after using toilet (AOR=3.21, 95% CI: 1.40, 7.33) were significantly associated with intestinal infections.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The prevalence of <em>Salmonella, Shigella,</em> and intestinal parasite infections in this study indicates the importance of food handlers as sources of bacterial and parasitic infections. Safe food handling practices, such as finger-nailing and hand-washing practices, should be maintained. Medical checkups are advisable to avoid prolonged exposure to pathogens.</p>','<p><em>Salmonella</em>, <em>Shigella</em>, intestinal parasites, antimicrobial susceptibility, food handlers</p>','107','2024-12-15 14:40:39','2024-12-15 14:40:39'),(108,16,'<ol><li>A. Tolera and L . Bogale. Haramaya University, college of health and medical science, school of public health, Harar</li><li>T . Diggafe. Minstry of health, EThiopia&nbsp;</li><li>Dr. R . Hanna, K . Etefa and B . Bejiga. Ethiopia Public Health Institute, EThiopia&nbsp;</li><li>A . Abdissa and A . Girma. East Hararghe zone health office, Harar&nbsp;</li></ol>','<p><strong>Trends of HIV Infection and Progress Towards the 95-95-95 Targets- East Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State from 2020 to 2024, Ethiopia.</strong></p>','<p>Globally, there are an estimated 40 million people living with HIV with 1.3 million new HIV infections and 630,000 AIDS -related deaths by the end of 2023. The Sub-Saharan Africa region accounted for 51% of new HIV infection. To eradicate AIDS by 2030, there are an ambitious goals and commitments for 2025. So that we look at the trend of HIV infection, the changes overtime and how far we have come toward the 95-95-95 goals in East Hararghe, Oromia Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia.</p>','<p>A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. This study included all HIV testing service clients who were enrolled in HIV care and treatment and had viral load records or tests. The five-years HIV data from July 2020 to June 2024 were extracted from East Hararghe zone of District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS-2). The collected data were checked for completeness and consistency. Data confidentiality was secured through data anonymity. The data were analyzed and then presented using frequency tables, line graphs and maps.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The number of people living with HIV decreased by 8.4%, new HIV infections decreased by 23.1% and adult HIV prevalence decreased from 0.27% to 0.12% between 2020 and 2024. The finding showed that the zonal progress toward the 95-95-95 goals was 74%, 98% and 98% in 2024.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The trend in achievement in the first and second 95s was not consistent with predefined goals-i.e., 95%. On the other hand, there was good achievement in the third goals. Hence, intensified case-finding approaches to HIV testing and reducing the lost to follow -up patients on Antiretroviral therapy (ART) should be strengthened.&nbsp;</p>','<p>HIV Case surveillance, The 95-95-95 targets, East Hararghe, Oromia Region, ETHIOPIA.</p>','102','2024-12-15 14:42:48','2025-01-06 16:08:58'),(109,19,'<h2>Mr. Afewerki Tesfahunegn &nbsp; Mrs. Alefech Addisu&nbsp;</h2><h2>Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Mekelle University of college health and medicine&nbsp;</h2>','<h2>Dengue Fever Outbreak Investigation - Gewane District, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia, 2022</h2>','<h2>According to WHO, 3.9 billion people in 128 countries are at risk for dengue fever (DF) with nearly 390 million cases per years and 25,000 deaths, Due to climate change and increasing urbanization, Ethiopia<strong> </strong>experience recurrent DF outbreaks, especially in the eastern regions, On December 12/2021, Gewani District notified the Afar Regional Health Bureau of a suspect Dengue Fever Outbreak.&nbsp; We investigated confirmed DF outbreak to determine its magnitude and associated factors in&nbsp; Afar region 2022.</h2>','<h2>Unmatched case-control study was conducted in Gewani district, Afar, Ethiopia from Dec 12/2021 to January 3/2022. Cases were defined according to the WHO guideline and Controls were individual who did not developed sign and symptom living in the same community with cases. Sample size was calculated using Stat calc function of EPI-info software. Recruited 50 cases and 100 controls randomly selected from community. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and additional data was collected from line list and medical record. Data were cleaned and entered by EPI-info software then exported to SPSS Software for analysis. Bivariate and Multivariable logistic regression analysis conducted to identify the association between the outcome and independent variables.</h2>','<h2>We identified 1,267 cases of DF with no deaths (incidence rate =3.3%).&nbsp; Males accounted for 717 (56.6%) of all infections.&nbsp; An attack rate by age group were 12.7 per 1000 population from 21 to 30 years followed by 6.8 11 to 20years. The highest attack rates were (AR) 10.2 per 100 populations from Gelali dora kebele followed by 8.5 Gewane 01 kebele and 5.3 mateka. Presence of stagnant water around the house [AOR: 4.59; 95%CI 1.96-10.72), presence ill person in the house [AOR: 3.69; 95%CI 1.58 -8.63) and Lack of formal education [AOR: 3.41; 95%CI 1.45 - 8.00) were identified as factors associated with dengue fever.&nbsp;</h2>','<h2>This outbreak investigation in district Males are more than affected females.&nbsp; The age groups of 21 to 30yrs are most affected. Stagnant water around the house, presence of ill person in house and lack of formal education are independent risk factors for dengue fever outbreak. We recommended providing health education and avoiding stagnant water.&nbsp; &nbsp;</h2>','<h3>Dengue fever, Outbreak, Risk factors, Gewaani, Afar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</h3>','106','2024-12-15 17:02:33','2024-12-15 17:09:43'),(110,20,'<p>&nbsp;Aman Y. Endris-Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College School of Public Health</p>','<p><strong>Evaluation of the Hypertension Surveillance System at Pilot Hypertension Prevention and Control Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022.</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide. Evaluating a surveillance system promotes the best use of data collection resources and ensures that systems operate effectively. It allows us to determine whether a specific system is useful for a particular public health initiative and is achieving the goals of the public health program and the data collection objectives. Ethiopian hypertension control initiatives were recently launched (2019) and implemented in limited health facilities. Therefore, this evaluation is aimed at the hypertension surveillance system of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 21 to 31, 2022. Eight health care facilities were evaluated based on updated CDC guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems, and one key informant from each facility was interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed descriptively. The data were analyzed with Excel 2021 and summarized by the frequency mean, percentage, and rate.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The system detected cases (8/8) and monitored the control rate, attendance rate, and missed visits. All interviewed staff (8/8) stated that the case definition, diagnosis, and treatment algorism of hypertension were easy. Regarding acceptability, all staff believed that stakeholders were engaged, and 7/8 of the facilities recorded and reported data in a timely manner, but there was no acknowledgment given to the staff (0/8). The stability and data quality were 95% and 72.9, respectively. The representativeness was 24% to 36% based on prevalence, and regarding sex, it ranged from 88% to 108%. predictive positive value (31.4%) and zero flexibility.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The system was useful for detecting morbidities and retaining patients on treatment. It has good simplicity, acceptability, and stability but requires improvement in its flexibility, representativeness, data quality, and positive predictive value. The system is better able to scale up to other health facilities.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Hypertension, Surveillance system evaluation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','108','2024-12-15 17:04:51','2024-12-15 17:04:51'),(111,19,'<p>&nbsp;Aman Y.Endris-Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College School of Public Health&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Outbreak Investigation of Dengue Fever in Gewane Woreda, Afar Region, Ethiopia:</strong> <strong>A Case Control Study</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Dengue fever is the fastest-spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world, and it is one of the world’s top ten public health threats. Since 2013, it has repeatedly occurred in the eastern and northeastern parts of Ethiopia. Due to the increase in febrile illness, we investigated to describe the outbreak and determine factors associated with dengue fever in Gewane Woreda, Afar Region, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p>We conducted a descriptive analysis of the outbreak followed by a 1-to-1 unmatched case-control from May 17 to 27, 2023. A total of 75 cases and 75 controls were interviewed using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a statistical package for social science version 26 software. Attach rate was used to estimate the magnitude of the outbreak. The results were summarized as frequencies and percentages. Multivariable logistic regression was used and an adjusted odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;A total of 710 dengue fever cases were reported, with an attack rate of 16.9/1000. Among cases, 39 (52%) were female, whereas 51 (68%) of controls were male. The majority, i.e., 48 (64%) cases and 36 (48%) controls, were in the 16–30 age group. Multivariable logistic regression showed the presence of water-holding containers that were left open around the house (AOR = 4.5 (95% CI: 1.9, 11.1), usually staying around the home in the morning from 8 to 10 a.m. (AOR = 6.1 (95% CI: 1.8, 20.1), and not dressing fully (AOR = 3.3 (95% CI: 1.2, 9.5) were positively associated with dengue fever.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The presence of breeding sites around the house, staying around the house during Aedes mosquito peak biting time, and not dressing fully were the most important risk factors of dengue fever. Potential breeding sites should be reduced, and dengue fever surveillance should be strengthened at all levels.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Dengue fever, Outbreak, Gewane Woreda, Afar Region, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','108','2024-12-15 17:22:15','2024-12-15 17:22:15'),(112,16,'<p>Asrat M. Tegegne*, Y. Animut**, W. S. Seretew**, M. F. Andargie***</p><p>* Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program Resident at University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>** Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>*** Ethiopian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program Resident Advisor at University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Email Address</span></p><p>Asrat M. Tegegne: asrmekonn@gmail.com&nbsp;(First and presenting author)</p><p>&nbsp;Y. Animut: <a href=\"mailto:yaregalae@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">yaregalae@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;W. S. Seretew: <a href=\"mailto:wsisay2733@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">wsisay2733@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;M. F. Andargie: <a href=\"mailto:mesaykira@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">mesaykira@gmail.com</span></a>&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Health and Humanitarian Needs Assessment at Metema Refugee Sites, West Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>The humanitarian charter sets minimum standards during emergencies, including water, sanitation, food, shelter, and health. The armed conflict in Sudan has displaced many individuals, forcing them to cross the Ethiopian border through the Metema point of entry in search of humanitarian assistance. This assessment aimed to determine the emergency needs, evaluate humanitarian standards, and assess risk reduction strategies at the Metema point of entry and refugee camp.&nbsp;</p>','<p>A descriptive study was conducted from August 24 to September 6, 2023. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, document reviews, observations, and key informant interviews of 12 participants. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Proportions, tables, and figures were used to summarize and present the results.&nbsp;</p>','<p>As of August 2023, over 71,026 individuals had entered Ethiopia through Metema. Children under 15 years comprised 35.2% of the population, and pregnant and lactating women made up 6.6%. There were 6,230 people without shelter at the Metema point of entry for more than 2 months. Comprehensive primary healthcare facilities were absent, and services were limited to health posts with insufficient staff, space, and supplies. At the Kumer site, 97 people shared one latrine, while at Metema transit center (TC), the ratio was 100:1, and daily water supply was 10 liters per person at Kumer and 14 liters at Metema TC. There were 474 reported cases of cholera. Fifty-three individuals with non-communicable diseases reported medication shortages and lack of follow-up care.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The assessment revealed significant gaps in the provision of basic health services for refugees and returnees at Kumer refugee camp. Latrines fall below standards, forcing reliance on open defecation. Overcrowding and inadequate WASH facilities further amplify the risk of future outbreaks. Refugees urgently need adequate food, shelter, and improved health and WASH services, requiring strengthened humanitarian responses.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;Refugees, emergencies, needs assessment, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','74','2024-12-15 17:37:51','2024-12-15 17:37:51'),(113,19,'<p>Ayantu Melke, Lecturer, Public Health Academic and Service Directorate, Hawassa University; email address: ayantumelke@gmail.com; Yusuf Haji, Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, Public Health Academic and Service Directorate, Hawassa University; email address: yusufhaji438@gmail.com.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;<strong>Determinants of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Gamo Zone, South Ethiopia, 2024-Unmatched case-control study</strong>&nbsp;</p>','<p>The most prevalent form of leishmaniasis in developing nations is cutaneous leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is a serious health issue with a wide range of clinical signs, epidemiological diversity, and a spectrum of aggression. Globally, up to 1.5 million cases are recorded annually, and over 350 million individuals are at risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis. With over 250 cases documented in 2023 alone, Gamo Zone is among the locations with a high incidence of this disease that did not get the due attention. This study aimed to assess the determinants of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Deramalo and Dita districts of Gamo Zone, South Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;We used an unmatched case-control design with 285 individuals, comprising 95 cases and 190 controls. The data were gathered electronically with a structured questionnaire modified from earlier research. The collected data were exported and cleaned in Excel and were imported to SPSS for analyses. Variables having significant associations with the development of cutaneous leishmaniasis were tested by binary logistic regression. A P-value of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">&lt;</span> 0.25 was used to select candidate variables for multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted Odds Ratios were calculated at 95% Confidence Interval to determine the variables having significant associations with the disease, and variables with p-value of &lt;0.05 were declared determinants of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.&nbsp;</p>','<p>&nbsp;In our study,<strong> </strong>age categories of less than 20 years (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.42-6.95) and 20 to 34 years (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.4-8.8) showed increased risk of developing cutaneous leishmaniasis compared to those of age 50 and above. Moreover, availability of gorges in the vicinity (AOR=2.51; 95% CI: 1.22-5.13), presence of active cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the household (AOR=9.27; 95% CI: 4.23-20.33), and presence of previous cutaneous leishmaniasis scar cases in the household (AOR=4.49; 95% CI: 2.03-9.96) were found to be significantly associated with the disease.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Our findings demonstrated that environments where gorges are in their vicinity showed increased risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis. In addition, the presence of other active or scar cases of the disease in a household predicted the occurrence of the disease. Furthermore, youth and adult age groups of less than 50 years are significantly at higher risk of developing cutaneous leishmaniasis. As such, environmental management involving gorge areas with appropriate case management to limit contacts between cases is recommended to control the disease.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Cutaneous, leishmaniasis, case, control, Gamo, 2024&nbsp;</p>','109','2024-12-15 20:13:46','2024-12-15 20:13:46'),(114,16,'<p>Y. Worku. Email: Yoseph. Worku@sphmmc.edu.et, *School of Public Health, St. Paul’s Hospital, Mellinium Medical College, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p><p>A. Yesuf, Email: amanyesuf@gmail.com, School of Public Health, St. Paul’s Hospital Mellinium Medical College, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p><p>T. Melese, Email: tarikumelese2022@gmail.com,&nbsp; Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional Health Bureau, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Measles Outbreak among University Students, Dilla Town, South Ethiopia, 2022: Institution-Based Case-Control Study</strong></p>','<p>Measles outbreaks remain common public health challenges in Ethiopia. Dilla University in Southern Ethiopia reported eight measles cases from December 10–28, 2021, to the Regional Public Health Emergency Management Center. We conducted this study to verify the existence of an outbreak, identify the factors, and implement prevention measures at Dilla University, Ethiopia.</p>','<p>An institution-based, unmatched case-control study was conducted among 32 cases and 96 controls of Dilla University students. Cases included confirmed measles cases that had a positive IgM antibody or an epidemiological link to confirmed cases. Controls were students who had no clinical signs or symptoms of measles and were randomly selected from the same campuses of cases. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with measles at P ≤ 0.05. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the associations.</p>','<p>A total of 32 measles cases were reported, with an attack rate of 38.7/10,000 population, and no deaths were reported. The factors associated with measles infection were being unvaccinated (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI: 1.10, 13.33), being male (AOR = 5.4; 95% CI: 1.1, 26.10), not having previous measles infections (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.11, 17.21),&nbsp; having a contact history with cases (AOR = 6.8; 95% CI: 1.9, 24.7), and presence of infected student in the dorm (AOR = 9.0; 95% CI: 1.93, 42.08).&nbsp;</p>','<p>Being unvaccinated, having a contact history with measles patients, and the presence of measles-infected students in the dormitory increased the risk of contracting measles. Isolation and treating the patients and vaccinating students and the staffs were instituted as a prevention and control measure. We recommended Dilla University hospital as to strengthening surveillance, minimising physical contacts between students, and timely respond.</p>','<p>Measles, outbreak investigation, Dilla University, Southern Ethiopia</p>','111','2024-12-16 13:23:09','2024-12-16 13:56:31'),(115,19,'<p><br></p><p>S. Zegeye, Email:samsonhenon@gmail.com, *School of Public Health, St. Paul’s Hospital Mellinium Medical College, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>A. Yesuf, Email: amanyesuf@gmail.com/aman.yesuf@sphmmc.edu.et, School of Public Health, St. Paul’s Hospital Mellinium Medical College, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p><br></p>','<p>DETERMINANTS OF SCABIES AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN YIRGACHEF TOWN, GEDEO ZONE, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA, 2023. UNMATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDY</p>','<p>Scabies is a neglected tropical parasitic disease (infestation) of the skin caused by the human mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is a major health problem in tropical areas, largely affecting children. It is highly contagious and common in schoolchildren, and it spreads quite rapidly due to overcrowding and close contact within the schools. In the year, a higher number of cases were reported from the Irgacheffe town weekly report of South nations, nationalities, and people’s region. The study aims to identify factors that determine scabies among primary school students in Irgacheffe town, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia</p>','<p>An unmatched case-control study was conducted among 264 (88 cases and 176 controls) from April 20 to May 20/2023 of primary school students in Irgacheffe town. Cases were those with typical signs and symptoms of scabies and fulfilled standard criteria, and controls were those free from signs and symptoms of scabies during the study period. Skin examination of scabies was done by trained health professionals. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS-20. Binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with a scabies infestation. In bi-variable analysis, covariates with p-values (&lt;.25) were selected and included in the multivariable logistic regression. The final model is interpreted using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval and p-value &lt;0.05.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p>','<p>&nbsp;A total of 264 study participants (88 cases and 176 controls) were included in this study, with a mean age of 12.3 ± 2.0 years for cases and 12.1 ± 2.0 years for controls. Sleeping with scabies-ill person (AOR=4.90; 95%CI: 1.50-15.98), sharing clothes with other scabies infested (AOR=4.90; 95%CI: 1.50-14.62), being from a family size of ≥ 5 (AOR=2.81; 95%CI: 1.16-6.82), history of scabies in the family (AOR=4.39; 95%CI: 1.67-11.58), poor knowledge on scabies (AOR=2.73; 95%CI: 1.07-6.98), and households daily water consumption is less than&nbsp; 40 litres were determinant factors for scabies infestation.</p><p><br></p>','<p>Scabies is a public health risk for students in primary schools. Family size of five and greater, lack of awareness about scabies prevention and transmission, infrequent body bathing, a history of scabies in the family, and daily water consumption of less than 40 litres per day were factors that were associated with scabies infestation. Therefore, the district health and education office should implement public health measures, including raising student awareness of scabies transmission, prevention, and control strategies against scabies infestation.</p><p><br></p>','<p>Scabies, primay school students, Yirgachefe, 2023&nbsp;</p>','111','2024-12-16 13:50:30','2024-12-16 13:58:27'),(116,17,'<p><strong>Nouwaly KONE1*</strong>, Ousmane B TOGOLA2, Oumar SANGHO³, Nouhoum TELLY³, Cheick A COULIBALY³, Cheick A. T. TRAORE2, Bouyagui TRAORE2, Mah SACKO1.</p><p>1.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Regional Health Directorate of Kayes, Mali</p><p>2.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;General Directorate of Health and Public Hygiene, Mali</p><p>3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Faculty of Medicine of Odontostomatology, Mali</p><p><strong>Corresponding author</strong>*: Nouwaly KONE, Medical Assistant, “One Health” Focal Point at the Regional Health Directorate of Kayes.</p><p>Tel: (00223) 70 23 00 20 / 66 54 51 36, Email: waly188kone@gmail.com</p>','<p><strong>Analysis of rabies surveillance data in the Kayes region, 2018 to 2023</strong></p>','<p>Rabies is a viral infectious disease that is a public health problem worldwide. From 2021 to 2022, Mali recorded 14 cases of human rabies, including 02 in the Kayes region with a lethality of 100%. The region\'s database had not been analyzed for more than ten years, hence this work focuses on analyzing rabies surveillance data in time, place and peoplein order to better adapt control strategies for the prevention and elimination of the disease by 2030.</p><p><br></p><p><br></p>','<p>This was a cross-sectional study on human rabies surveillance data in the Kayes region from 2018 to 2023. The analysis was done on Excel® 2016 and Epi-Info® 7.2.5.0. We calculated frequencies, mean and ratios.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The incidence of dog bites was32.66 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Those under 15 represented66.38% and 73.98% were male. Of the 06 cases of human rabies in the Kayes region, the Kita health district alone recorded 03 cases during the period. Trend analysis indicates that it was in the first half of the year that it had the most cases of bites and rabies.&nbsp;</p>','<p>At the end of our study, the Kita health district had recorded more cases of rabies. Children under 15 and males were the most exposed. We propose an analytical study in order to elucidate the explanatory factors for the occurrence of rabies in our region.&nbsp;</p>','<p><strong>Keywords </strong>: <strong>Analysis, Surveillance, Rage, Kayes. &nbsp;</strong></p>','110','2024-12-16 16:24:34','2024-12-16 16:24:34'),(117,16,'<p>Prof. Ahmed Ali Ahmed2, Dr. Muluken Gizaw3 &amp; Dr. Gizaw Teka4&nbsp;<br><br></p><p><em>&nbsp;Addis Ababa University, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia2, Addis Ababa University, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa Ethiopia3 Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia4</em></p><p>&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:ahmedaa5050@yahoo.com2\">ahmedaa5050@yahoo.com2</a>, <a href=\"mailto:muluken.gizaw@yahoo.com3\">muluken.gizaw@yahoo.com3</a>, <a href=\"mailto:gizawt982@gmail.com4\">gizawt982@gmail.com4</a> &nbsp;</p>','<h1>Descriptive Epidemiology of a Cholera Outbreak in Moyale Woreda, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2023</h1><p><br></p>','<p>Cholera is an extremely virulent disease that can cause severe acute watery diarrhoea. It takes between 12 hours and 5 days for a person to show symptoms after ingesting contaminated food or water. Globally, there were an estimated 3 – 5 million cholera cases and 28,000 –150,000 deaths annually. <strong>&nbsp;T</strong>he outbreak investigation was aimed to identify potential risk factors and to take public health interventions in Moyale Woreda, Borena Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2023.</p>','<p>We conducted descriptive study of cases from April 25 to June 20, 2023. We collected line lists and reviewed medical records of patients. We interviewed Woreda PHEM focal and surveillance officer. We assessed cholera treatment centers and ORPs during the investigation period. We also assessed environmental hygiene and sanitation of patients during contact tracing. &nbsp;</p>','<p>A total of 740 cholera cases and three deaths (CFR 0.4%) occurred. The case fatality rate was high in males (0.6%) and among age group &gt;10 years (0.38%). The median age of cases was 20 years and the overall attack rate was 40.8 per 10000 population. All kebeles of the Woreda were affected. The highest attack rate was reported from Moyale 02 and Arbale Kebele (109 per 10000 population). Majority of cholera cases were daily laborers 193 (26%). Of the total cases, 55% of them were severely dehydrated. The outbreak started from WHO epi week 10th of 2023.&nbsp; &nbsp;</p>','<p>The use of contaminated water points were the most likely causes of the outbreak. The outbreak was confirmed using culture test at Regional Laboratory. Poor hygiene and sanitation, overcrowding, high population movement, lack of clean water and poor waste disposal system might be possible contributing factors of the outbreak. Provision of safe water supply. Community hygiene and sanitation awareness should be enhanced.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p>','<p>Cholera, Outbreak, Moyale Woreda,&nbsp; &nbsp;</p>','115','2024-12-18 20:07:13','2024-12-18 20:07:13'),(118,18,'<p>Chalachew Yenew<strong>*</strong>1,Asay Alamneh Gebeyehu2</p><p><strong>Affiliations</strong></p><p>1*Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia</p><p>2Depatment of Biostatistics, College of health science,Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.</p>','<p><strong>Impact of the One-J Program on Tuberculosis Risk in HIV-Positive ART Patients in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Integrated Care Model</strong></p>','<p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge among HIV-positive individuals, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The One-J program, a new ART drug combination therapy, was introduced to reduce comorbid infections such as TB. However, its impact on reducing the burden of TB among ART patients has not been fully assessed. Hence this study aimed to assess the impact of the One-J program on the risk of tuberculosis among HIV-positive ART patients in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, and to identify associated factors before and after the program\'s implementation.</p>','<p>A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 among 630 ART patients from four consecutive years (2018-2021) at Awi Zonal Health Facilities. A systematic random sampling technique was employed, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 23, using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with TB risk among participants.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The overall prevalence of TB among HIV patients on ART was 9.8% [95% CI: 7.5%, 12.1%], with a statistically significant decrease from 13.7% (before One-J) to 6% (after One-J) [95% CI: 3.5%, 8.7%]. Factors significantly associated with increased TB risk included being ambulatory (AOR= 3.452, 95% CI: 1.567, 7.604), not using INH prophylaxis (AOR= 2.161, 95% CI: 1.169, 3.997), having a CD4 count ≤200 cells/μl (AOR= 2.484, 95% CI: 1.387, 4.447), and being in WHO clinical stage III (AOR= 2.010, 95% CI: 1.055, 3.836).&nbsp;</p>','<p>Although the prevalence of TB decreased significantly after the implementation of the One-J program, the overall prevalence remains high. Addressing modifiable risk factors such as functional status, INH use, CD4 count, and WHO clinical stage is crucial in reducing TB risk among ART patients.</p>','<p>Tuberculosis, ART, One-J Program, HIV, Integrated Care Model, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p>','116','2024-12-19 20:27:59','2024-12-19 20:27:59'),(119,20,'<p>Chalachew Yenew*1, Almaw Genet Yeshiwas2</p><p>1Departement of Environmental Health Sciences, Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, Email: <a href=\"mailto:chalachewyenew50@gmail.com\">chalachewyenew50@gmail.com</a></p><p>2Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia, Email: <a href=\"mailto:yeshiwas690@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">yeshiwas690@gmail.com</span></a></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong>*Correspondence: Chalachew Yenew, <a href=\"mailto:chalachewyenew50@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">chalachewyenew50@gmail.com</span></a></p>','<h1><strong>Barriers to Type 2 Diabetes Care in Terms of Service Access, Provider Communication, and Patient Engagement in Debre Tabor District, Northwest Ethiopia</strong></h1><p><br></p>','<p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. Despite its rising prevalence, diabetes care remains suboptimal due to limited healthcare infrastructure, poor glycemic control, and low patient satisfaction. This study evaluates patient satisfaction and barriers to T2DM care in Debre Tabor, providing actionable insights for improving diabetes management.&nbsp;</p>','<p>The study assessed Type 2 DM patient satisfaction in Debre Tabor, focusing on healthcare services and determinants of satisfaction. Data from 422 patients were analyzed using SPSS, identifying significant factors via logistic regression.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Overall, 74.55% of clients were satisfied with the services. High satisfaction was observed for aspects like vital sign checking (98.1%) and appointment adherence (97.9%), while moderate satisfaction was noted for service access (70.4%) and treatment consultations (60.7%). However, significant gaps were found in areas like facility proximity (22.7%) and medication availability (20.9%). Female clients had lower satisfaction compared to males (AOR: 2.084, 95% CI: 1.337–3.250, p = 0.001). Educated clients were more satisfied (AOR: 4.276, 95% CI: 2.644–6.915, p &lt; 0.0001), while longer waiting times (AOR: 3.170, 95% CI: 1.919–5.237, p &lt; 0.0001) and interest in treatment (AOR: 2.784, 95% CI: 1.612–4.806, p &lt; 0.0001) were associated with higher satisfaction.</p>','<p>The study identifies key barriers to Type 2 diabetes care in Debre Tabor, such as service access, provider communication, and patient engagement. To improve care, recommendations include enhancing service accessibility, reducing waiting times, improving provider communication, promoting patient engagement, and implementing gender-sensitive approaches to address the lower satisfaction levels among female patients.</p>','<p>Type 2 Diabetes, Patient Satisfaction, Service Access, Provider Communication, &nbsp; Patient Engagement&nbsp;</p>','116','2024-12-19 20:37:40','2024-12-19 20:37:40'),(120,22,'<p>Chalachew Yenew1, Almaw Genet Yeshiwas2</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>1Department of public health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University</p><p>2Environmental Health Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia</p><p>2Environmental Health Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Correspondence: Chalachew Yenew, Email: <a href=\"mailto:chalachewyenew50@gmail.com\">chalachewyenew50@gmail.com</a>, Tel: 0945 56 30 08</p>','<p><strong>Antimicrobial Resistance Infection Drivers, and Outcomes in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Pathways, Risks, and Solutions</strong></p>','<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) complicates treatment of healthcare-associated infections, causing high morbidity and mortality, especially among low-birth-weight and critically ill infants. This study evaluates AMR prevalence, risk factors, outcomes and infection control measures at Felege Hiwot Hospital, aiming to guide clinical practices, antimicrobial stewardship, and improved neonatal health outcomes.</p>','<p>This mixed-methods study (Oct 2022–Jun 2023) assessed AMR in NICU neonates by analyzing 420 blood samples, environmental swabs, and staff insights. Bivariable and multivariable regressions identified significant variables, and content analysis was used for qualitative data.</p>','<p>Out of 420 samples, 35% tested positive for AMR pathogens, with Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (16.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.9%), and Acinetobacter spp. (5.6%) being the most prevalent. Resistance rates for Gentamicin, Cotrimoxazole, and Ciprofloxacin were alarmingly high (98-100%), while Amikacin demonstrated low resistance (3.0-5.56%), indicating potential efficacy. Among the neonates admitted, 91.8% survived, and 8.2% succumbed. Risk factor analysis revealed that improper PPE usage (AOR 3.90, p &lt; 0.001), non-functional handwashing sinks (AOR 3.20, p &lt; 0.001), and inadequate disinfection practices (AOR 2.70, p &lt; 0.001) were strongly associated with microbial contamination. Environmental factors, including cockroach presence (AOR 1.80, p = 0.040) and high traffic flow (AOR 2.10, p = 0.005), were also significant contributors. The qualitative data analysis confirmed that improper PPE use, inadequate disinfection practices, pest control challenges, and non-functional handwashing sinks significantly contributed to microbial contamination risks in the NICU, aligning with the quantitative findings.</p>','<p>This study underscores key factors driving AMR in NICUs, such as inadequate IPC practices and environmental contamination, alongside high resistance to Cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin. Amikacin shows promise as an effective treatment for CONS. Urgent actions, including strengthened IPC measures, staff training, and environmental management, are crucial to combat AMR, ensuring improved neonatal care and outcomes.&nbsp;</p>','<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), NICU, Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CONS), Infection prevention and control (IPC), Amikacin&nbsp;</p>','116','2024-12-19 20:43:10','2024-12-19 20:43:10'),(121,22,'<p>Chalachew Yenew*1, Rahel Mulatie Anteneh2, Asay Alamneh Gebeyehu2</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>1Department of environmental health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>2Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>*Correspondence: &nbsp; Chalachew Yenew, <a href=\"mailto:chalachewyenew50@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">chalachewyenew50@gmail.com</span></a></p>','<p><strong>Dominance Antimicrobial Resistance Bacteria and Risk Factors of Bacteriuria Infection among Pregnant Women in East Africa: Challenges for Antimicrobial Stewardship</strong></p>','<p>Bacterial infections during pregnancy are a major health concern in East Africa, with pathogens like E. coli, S. aureus, and Klebsiella spp. commonly implicated. However, data on their prevalence and associated risk factors in the region remains limited. This study aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of these infections and identify key risk factors affecting pregnant women in East Africa.</p>','<p>This study employed a systematic review and meta-analysis, analyzing data from eight East African studies (2016–2021). Searches spanned PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and more, with manual reference checks. Data quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RevMan software with a random-effects model estimated pooled prevalence and hazard ratios for risk factors.</p>','<p>A pooled analysis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacterial isolates from pregnant women in East Africa highlights concerning prevalence rates of various pathogens. <em>Escherichia coli</em> emerged as the most common pathogen, present in 43% (95% CI: 39%–47%) of cases, followed by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> at 20% (95% CI: 17%–23%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci and <em>Klebsiella</em> species, both at 16% (95% CI: 13%–19%). A very small proportion (0.1%, 95% CI: 0.0%–0.2%) was found to be infected with <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Key risk factors contributing to these infections include antibiotic use (HR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.8–2.2), smoking (HR=1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.5), poor sanitation (HR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.6–2.0), diabetes (HR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.9–2.4), and age over 30 years (HR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.3–1.7).</p>','<p>The analysis highlights a high prevalence of bacterial infections, especially <em>E. coli</em>, among pregnant women in East Africa, with AMR complicating treatment and increasing morbidity. Routine bacterial screening, AMR surveillance, sanitation improvements, and antibiotic stewardship are crucial. Public health efforts should target high-risk groups, promote hygiene, and guide policies through further research.</p>','<p>Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Bacterial Infections, Pregnant Women, <em>Escherichia coli, </em>Public Health Interventions&nbsp;</p>','116','2024-12-19 20:48:30','2024-12-19 20:48:30'),(122,23,'<p>Chalachew Yenew1, Almaw Genet Yeshiwas2, Asay Alamneh Gebeyehu3</p><p>1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p><p>2Department of environmental health, college of medicine and health science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p><p>3Depatment of Public Health, College of health science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Correspondence: Chalachew Yenew, Email: <a href=\"mailto:chalachewyenew50@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">chalachewyenew50@gmail.com</span></a>, Tel: 0945 56 30 08</p>','<p><strong>Climate-Sensitive Global Health Risks: Harnessing Climate Resilience Health System</strong></p>','<p>Climate change is making the existing health problems worse and also introducing new health problem and therefore calls for a wider evaluation of climate sensitive global diseases. The review sought to assess and collate quantitative and qualitative evidence on the effects of climate change on global health, more specifically, infectious and respiratory diseases, the impacts of extreme weather events as well as the implications for mental health with the view of establishing appropriate sustainable and resilience public health measures and policies.</p>','<p>A scoping review of observational studies carried out between the years 2000 and 2024 based on data from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, synthesized information on climate-sensitive health outcomes: infectious diseases, severe weather events, and mental illnesses.&nbsp;</p>','<p>A total of 3077 studies were screened, and 96 articles were included for quantitative and qualitative analysis, highlighting the significant health risks posed by climate change. Key areas of concern identified include climate-sensitive infectious diseases, respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, food- and water-borne illnesses, and mental health effects. Rising temperatures and variable rainfall patterns increase the incidence of diseases like malaria (up to 50%) and dengue (8-10% per 1°C rise). Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and floods, contribute to a 30% rise in respiratory diseases and a 25% increase in cardiovascular conditions. Food- and water-borne illnesses are more prevalent in regions like Africa (30-40%) due to climate change. Additionally, climate change exacerbates mental health issues, leading to conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression.</p>','<p>Climate change amplifies global public health risks, worsening diseases and creating new challenges. To address this, enhance machine learning climate sensitive disease surveillance, strengthen climate resilience health infrastructure, and integrate health into climate adaptation and mitigation strategies, promote sustainable agriculture, improve WASH infrastructure, and foster global collaboration.</p>','<p>Climate change, Extreme weather events, Infectious diseases, mental health, respiratory and cardiovascular &nbsp; conditions</p>','116','2024-12-19 20:54:58','2024-12-19 20:54:58'),(123,23,'<p>Chalachew Yenew, Anteneh Mengist&nbsp;</p><p>Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Correspondence:</strong> Chalachew Yenew, Email: chalachewyenew50@gmail.com, Tel: 0945 56 30 08</p>','<p><strong>Aflatoxin Contamination in Dairy Farm Feeds: Bridging the One Health-Zoonoses Nexus in Northwest Ethiopia</strong></p>','<p>In dairy farming, ensuring the safety of animal feeds is crucial as it serves as the first line of defense for food safety. However, animal feeds are highly susceptible to contamination and spoilage by various microorganisms, both on the farm and during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of aflatoxins and identify their predictors in animal feeds on dairy farms in the South Gondar Zone of Ethiopia.</p>','<p>A total of 400 feed samples were collected from 100 dairy farmers, alongside swabs from cow udders and water samples, and analyzed for aflatoxin content. A structured questionnaire was also administered to assess the knowledge and practices of feed administrators. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were employed to analyze the data.</p>','<p>This study revealed that 96% of the feed samples tested positive for aflatoxins, indicating widespread contamination within the feed supply chain. Notably, 52% of these samples exceeded the European Union\'s permissible aflatoxin limits (5 µg/kg). Concentrates exhibited the highest contamination levels, with significant differences observed between feed types (P = 0.001). Key factors associated with aflatoxin contamination included storage conditions, storage duration, feed administrators\' education level, use of mixed concentrates, and prior training.</p>','<p>The high prevalence of contamination underscores the urgent need for rigorous monitoring and control measures in feed production and storage to mitigate these risks. Additionally, the significant variation in contamination levels based on feed type calls for targeted strategies to manage aflatoxin risks across different feed categories. Given the health risks posed by aflatoxin contamination, a One Health approach is essential to mitigate the spread of contamination and ensure consumer safety. This underscores the vital link between One Health and zoonoses in dairy farming, emphasizing the need for integrated efforts to safeguard both human and animal health.</p>','<p>Aflatoxin Contamination, Farm Feeds, One Health, Zoonoses, Northwest Ethiopia</p>','116','2024-12-19 20:59:24','2024-12-19 20:59:24'),(124,22,'<p>Chalachew Yenew*1, Rahel Mulatie Anteneh2, Asay Alamneh Gebeyehu2</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>1Department of environmental health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia&nbsp;</p><p>2Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>*Correspondence: &nbsp; Chalachew Yenew, <a href=\"mailto:chalachewyenew50@gmail.com\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">chalachewyenew50@gmail.com</span></a></p>','<p><strong>Geographic and Temporal Trends of Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women in East Africa: Implications for Laboratory Quality Improvement and Sustainable Development Goals</strong></p>','<p>Bacteriuria among pregnant women in East Africa presents a significant public health challenge, with prevalence varying widely across countries due to factors like healthcare access, diagnostic capabilities, and socio-economic conditions. Despite advances in public health, inconsistent diagnostic practices and laboratory quality remain significant barriers. This study aims to examine geographic and temporal trends in bacteriuria prevalence among pregnant women in East Africa, assess the impact of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-era diagnostic practices, and explore the role of laboratory quality in addressing regional disparities, ultimately guiding improvements in maternal health and diagnostic standards.</p>','<p>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess geographic and temporal trends of bacteriuria among pregnant women in East Africa. Studies from 2011 to 2021 were identified, focusing on prevalence and regional variations. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random-effects models, with implications for laboratory quality improvement and SDGs.</p>','<p>The overall pooled prevalence of bacteriuria among pregnant women in East Africa was 16.79% (95% CI: 11.11–22.47), with significant heterogeneity (I² = 94.98%) across studies. Geographic variation was observed, with Tanzania having the highest prevalence at 28.00% (95% CI: 23.56–32.44), followed by Ethiopia at 17.59% (95% CI: 12.30–22.87), Sudan at 14.70% (95% CI: 10.17–19.23), and Uganda at 3.75% (95% CI: 2.21–5.59). Temporal trends showed an increase in prevalence from 12.21% (95% CI: 8.05–16.37) before the SDG period to 18.31% (95% CI: 11.03–25.60) during the SDG period, with higher heterogeneity observed post-2015 (I² = 95.53%).</p>','<p>The geographic and temporal variation in bacteriuria prevalence among pregnant women in East Africa underscores the need to enhance maternal healthcare and diagnostic capacity. Strengthening healthcare systems, improving laboratory quality, and fostering regional collaboration are crucial to achieving SDG targets, ensuring healthier pregnancies, and improving outcomes for mothers and children.</p>','<p>Bacteriuria, Pregnant Women, East Africa, Maternal Healthcare, SDG Targets</p>','116','2024-12-19 21:04:27','2024-12-19 21:04:27'),(125,22,'<p><strong>T</strong>. Kassa 2 and&nbsp; R. Tamirat 3&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Affiliations: </strong>&nbsp;2 School of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health Jimma University<strong>&nbsp; </strong>3 School of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health Jimma University</p>','<p>BACTERIAL PROFILE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY AND BIOFILM FORMATION OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM MEDICAL EQUIPMENT’S AND INANIMATE HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENTS IN OPERATION ROOMS OF JIMMA MEDICAL CENTER, SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA</p>','<p><strong><em>Background</em></strong><em>: Microbial contamination in hospitals, especially operating theatres, increases nosocomial infections and post-operative complications. This study assessed bacterial colonization of inanimate environments at Jimma Medical Center (JMC), Southwest Ethiopia.</em></p>','<p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong><em> A cross-sectional study was conducted at JMC (April-August 2022). 239 environmental samples (159 surface, 80 air) were collected using convenient sampling. Settle plates and swabs were used for air and surface sampling, respectively. Standard bacterial culture and biochemical tests identified isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby-Bauer method. ESBL production was confirmed by the combination disk method, carbapenemase production screened by the Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method, and MRSA detected using cefoxitin discs. Biofilm formation was assessed using a microtiter plate assay. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS 25.</em></p>','<p><strong><em>Result:&nbsp;</em></strong><em>Out of the 239 samples processed, 159 were collected from surfaces and 80 from the air. Among these, 85.8% of them were found to have bacterial growth. This resulted in the isolation of 243 bacterial strains, with 89.7% (n=218) Gram-positive and 10.3% (n=25) Gram-negative. CONS (39.5%) and S. aureus (31.3%), were the most dominant isolates. The bacterial load on surfaces and in the air exceeded the standard limits, and the antimicrobial susceptibility analysis revealed that 25.9% of the isolates were resistant to three or more antibiotics. Additionally, 25% of S. aureus and 18.8% of the CONS were methicillin-resistant. From the 25 Gram-negative bacteria, 24% of them were carbapenemase-producing, and 30% ESBL-PE were identified. The biofilm formation assay revealed that 72.3% (34/47) were biofilm producers.</em></p>','<p><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>: The inanimate hospital environments in JMC operating rooms are colonized with potentially pathogenic bacteria and load of bacteria on surfaces and in the air were higher than standards</em>. <em>Hence, it is important to emphasize strict adherence to infection prevention and control practices</em>.</p>','<p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Microbial contamination, operating theatre, inanimate surfaces, antimicrobial resistance, Nosocomial infection,</em> <em>biofilm formation</em>&nbsp;</p>','105','2024-12-25 11:57:19','2024-12-25 11:57:19');
