<p><strong>Results:</strong> In an unadjusted model (Model 1), compared with the clean fuel type, the mean difference in the height-for-age Z&nbsp; score of children in households using solid fuel was lower by 0.54 (-0.54, 95% CI -0.97, -0.12, P = 0.011). The beta coefficient remained negative after adjusting for age and sex (Model 2 -0.543, 95% CI -1.373, -0.563) and sociodemographic variables (Model 3:&nbsp; -0.543, 95% CI -1.362, -0.575). In the final model (Model 4), which adjusted for wealth quantile, dietary practice, water, sanitation and hygiene status&nbsp; and household food insecurity access scale, the beta coefficient held the same and significant (beta:&nbsp; -0.543, 95% CI -1.357, -0.579, P &lt; 0.001). Higher HAZ scores were observed among female child (β: = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.28, 0.69), Child with father attended higher education (β:&nbsp; = 0.304 95%CI: 0.304, 95% CI 0.19, 0.41) as compared to male gender and those who did not attend a formal education, respectively. In contrast, child living in households with poor hygiene practices had lower HAZ score (β: -0.226, 95% CI: -0.449, -0.003), P &lt; 0.001.</p>