<p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at four refugee camps from May to August 2023. The study participants were recruited using multistage sampling. Sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, housing and environmental factors associated with VL infections were collected, along with blood and stool samples. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. A binary logistic regression model was applied to identify risk factors for VL infection at p &lt; 0.05.</p>